Nokea
What dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool child?
- A. Lisp
- B. Echolalia
- C. Stammering
- D. Repetition without meaning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stammering and stuttering are normal dysfluency in preschool-age children. Lisps are not a normal characteristic of language development. Echolalia and repetition are traits of toddlers language.
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During a well-child visit, the father of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that he is not sure if his son is ready for kindergarten. The boys birthday is close to the cut-off date, and he has not attended preschool. What is the nurses best recommendation?
- A. Start kindergarten.
- B. Talk to other parents about readiness.
- C. Perform a developmental screening.
- D. Postpone kindergarten and go to preschool.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A developmental assessment with a screening tool that addresses cognitive, social, and physical milestones can help identify children who may need further assessment. A readiness assessment involves an evaluation of skill acquisition. Stating the child should start kindergarten or go to preschool and postpone kindergarten does not address the fathers concerns about readiness for school. Talking to other parents about readiness does not ascertain if the child is ready and does not address the fathers concerns.
During the preschool period, the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on what?
- A. Limitation of physical activities
- B. Punishment for unsafe behaviors
- C. Constant vigilance and protection
- D. Teaching about safety and potential hazards
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Education about safety and potential hazards is appropriate for preschoolers because they can begin to understand dangers. Limitation of physical activities is not appropriate. Punishment may make children scared of trying new things. Constant vigilance and protection are not practical at this age because preschoolers are becoming more independent.
The nurse is explaining average weight gain during the preschool years to a group of parents. Which average weight gain should the nurse suggest to the parents?
- A. 1 to 2 kg
- B. 2 to 3 kg
- C. 3 to 4 kg
- D. 4 to 5 kg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The average weight gain remains approximately 2 to 3 kg (4.56.5 lb) per year during the preschool period.
In terms of cognitive development, a 5-year-old child should be expected to do which?
- A. Think abstractly.
- B. Use magical thinking.
- C. Understand conservation of matter.
- D. Understand another persons perspective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Magical thinking is believing that thoughts can cause events. An example is thinking of the death of a parent might cause it to happen. Abstract thought does not develop until the school-age years. The concept of conservation is the cognitive task of school-age children, ages 5 to 7 years. A 5-year-old child cannot understand another persons perspective.
In terms of fine motor development, what should the 3-year-old child be expected to do?
- A. Tie shoelaces.
- B. Copy (draw) a circle.
- C. Use scissors or a pencil very well.
- D. Draw a person with seven to nine parts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Three-year-old children are able to accomplish the fine motor skill of copying (drawing) a circle. The ability to tie shoelaces, to use scissors or a pencil very well, and to draw a person with seven to nine parts are fine motor skills of 5-year-old children.