Nokea
After a radiation exposure, a patient has been assessed and determined to be a possible survivor. Following the resolution of the patients initial symptoms, the care team should anticipate what event?
- A. A return to full health
- B. Internal bleeding
- C. A latent phase
- D. Massive tissue necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A latent phase follows initial radiation symptoms in possible survivors, preceding potential recovery or worsening. Full health or severe outcomes are less likely.
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When assessing patients who are victims of a chemical agent attack, the nurse is aware that assessment findings vary based on the type of chemical agent. The chemical sulfur mustard is an example of what type of chemical warfare agent?
- A. Nerve agent
- B. Blood agent
- C. Pulmonary agent
- D. Vesicant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sulfur mustard, a vesicant, causes blistering and burns. Nerve agents affect neurotransmitters, blood agents disrupt cellular metabolism, and pulmonary agents damage lung tissue.
A nurse takes a shift report and finds he is caring for a patient who has been exposed to anthrax by inhalation. What precautions does the nurse know must be put in place when providing care for this patient?
- A. Standard precautions
- B. Airborne precautions
- C. Droplet precautions
- D. Contact precautions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anthrax is not transmissible person-to-person, so standard precautions suffice. Additional precautions like airborne or contact are unnecessary.
Emergency department (ED) staff members have been trained to follow steps that will decrease the risk of secondary exposure to a chemical. When conducting decontamination, staff members should remove the patients clothing and then perform what action?
- A. Rinse the patient with water.
- B. Wash the patient with a dilute bleach solution.
- C. Wash the patient chlorhexidine.
- D. Rinse the patient with hydrogen peroxide.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decontamination starts with clothing removal followed by water rinsing to remove chemical agents safely. Bleach, chlorhexidine, or peroxide are not standard.
A nurse has been called for duty during a response to a natural disaster. In this context of care, the nurse should expect to do which of the following?
- A. Practice outside of her normal area of clinical expertise.
- B. Perform interventions that are not based on assessment data.
- C. Prioritize psychosocial needs over physiologic needs.
- D. Prioritize the interests of older adults over younger patients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disaster response may require nurses to work beyond their usual expertise due to resource constraints. Interventions remain data-driven, and needs are not age-based.
A patient has been exposed to a nerve agent in a biochemical terrorist attack. This type of agent bonds with acetylcholinesterase, so that acetylcholine is not inactivated. What is the pathologic effect of this type of agent?
- A. Hyperstimulation of the nerve endings
- B. Temporary deactivation of the nerve endings
- C. Binding of the nerve endings
- D. Destruction of the nerve endings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause continuous nerve hyperstimulation by preventing acetylcholine breakdown. Deactivation, binding, or destruction do not occur.