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After assessing the health care needs of an elementary school, the nurse determines that an increased prevalence of pediculosis capitis is a priority problem. The nurse develops a 2-month program with the goal to eradicate the condition in the school. The program includes educational pamphlets sent home to parents and regular assessment of children by the school nurse. Which action should the nurse implement to evaluate the effectiveness of the program?
- A. Evaluate the teacher's ability to identify pediculosis capitis 2 months after initiation of the program.
- B. Measure the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among the children after four months.
- C. Survey parents 3 weeks after pamphlets are sent home to assess their understanding of the condition.
- D. Conduct an initial examination of each child in the school to obtain baseline data.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Measuring prevalence after the program compares pre- and post-intervention rates, directly assessing the program's success in reducing pediculosis cases.
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The nurse is documenting the medical history of a young adult client who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily and the client's father died of a heart attack at the age of 45. Which annual screening is most important for the nurse include?
- A. Renal insufficiency.
- B. Peripheral neuropathy.
- C. Hyperlipidemia.
- D. Retinopathy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Given the client's smoking habit and family history of early heart attack, screening for hyperlipidemia is critical to address cardiovascular risk, which is heightened by these factors and diabetes.
The epidemiological triad can be used to frame strategies for the prevention of farm machinery injuries. Which action should the nurse take to focus on the agent?
- A. Provide rehabilitation services to injured farm hands.
- B. Work with legislators to mandate safe tractor design.
- C. Teach farm workers not to smoke around farm equipment.
- D. Translate written vehicle instructions into picture format.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mandating safe tractor design targets the agent (machinery) in the epidemiological triad, reducing injury risk by improving equipment safety features.
A community health nurse is helping a group of nursing students plan a tertiary prevention program for a local community clinic that serves a majority Hispanic population. Which service project meets the requirement of a tertiary prevention program and would best serve this population?
- A. Teach clients about recommended immunizations for children.
- B. Instruct teens about prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
- C. Take blood pressures at a local shopping mall in the community.
- D. Demonstrate foot care to a group of clients who have diabetes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Demonstrating foot care for diabetic clients is tertiary prevention, focusing on managing complications of an existing condition, highly relevant for a Hispanic population with a high prevalence of diabetes.
A school nurse is developing a health risk screening protocol for use at an elementary school. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in this protocol?
- A. Long bone density testing.
- B. Annual flu vaccination status.
- C. Weight and height measurement.
- D. Serum total cholesterol level.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight and height measurements are essential for assessing growth, detecting malnutrition or obesity, and monitoring overall health in elementary students.
While assessing a child at the community health clinic, the nurse notes that the toddler has multiple bruises on his legs and buttocks. After reporting suspected child abuse to the supervisor, which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Obtain a restraining order against the father.
- B. Encourage the mother to file a police report.
- C. Ask the child if his father ever spanks him.
- D. Refer the family to protective service agencies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Referring to protective service agencies ensures a specialized investigation and intervention, prioritizing the child's safety and well-being.