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The epidemiological triad can be used to frame strategies for the prevention of farm machinery injuries. Which action should the nurse take to focus on the agent?
- A. Provide rehabilitation services to injured farm hands.
- B. Work with legislators to mandate safe tractor design.
- C. Teach farm workers not to smoke around farm equipment.
- D. Translate written vehicle instructions into picture format.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mandating safe tractor design targets the agent (machinery) in the epidemiological triad, reducing injury risk by improving equipment safety features.
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The city health department director asks the community health nurse to make a presentation describing the greatest health concern facing the city. How should the nurse begin to collect the data needed for this presentation?
- A. Review morbidity data for the city's population compiled by the Bureau of Vital Statistics.
- B. Conduct a random telephone survey to determine the public's perception about health problems.
- C. Call American Medical Association members to determine the most frequently treated diagnoses.
- D. Survey major hospitals in the area to determine the most common reasons for admissions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morbidity data from the Bureau of Vital Statistics provides comprehensive, objective information on disease prevalence, identifying major health concerns.
A client who recently returned from international travel presents to the clinic with high fever, chills, headache, and muscular aches. The healthcare provider suspects severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To prevent transmission of the virus to others, which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide?
- A. Wear a N95 respirator mask during direct contact with others.
- B. Cover mouth and turn head when coughing
- C. Use meticulous hand washing technique.
- D. Discard all tissues used during coughing in a biohazard bag.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An N95 respirator mask is critical for preventing airborne transmission of SARS, offering superior protection compared to other measures like hand washing or tissue disposal.
A nurse designs a series of four weekly classes for clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which information should the nurse use as an outcome evaluation for the classes?
- A. Fasting blood glucose average readings were 20% lower at the end of the classes.
- B. Discussion of food exchanges and calories was a well-attended class.
- C. Demonstrating the use of a blood glucose meter was an effective teaching strategy.
- D. Parking convenience for attendees continued to be a major concern.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lower fasting blood glucose readings directly indicate improved diabetes management, reflecting the classes' effectiveness.
After assessing the health care needs of an elementary school, the nurse determines that an increased prevalence of pediculosis capitis is a priority problem. The nurse develops a 2-month program with the goal to eradicate the condition in the school. The program includes educational pamphlets sent home to parents and regular assessment of children by the school nurse. Which action should the nurse implement to evaluate the effectiveness of the program?
- A. Evaluate the teacher's ability to identify pediculosis capitis 2 months after initiation of the program.
- B. Measure the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among the children after four months.
- C. Survey parents 3 weeks after pamphlets are sent home to assess their understanding of the condition.
- D. Conduct an initial examination of each child in the school to obtain baseline data.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Measuring prevalence after the program compares pre- and post-intervention rates, directly assessing the program's success in reducing pediculosis cases.
A school nurse identifies 15 new students with positive tuberculin tests among the 500 at-risk students tested. Which is the rate per 1,000 with new positive tests?
- A. 3/1,000.
- B. 30/1,000.
- C. 1.7/1,000.
- D. 15/1,000.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rate is calculated as (15/500) * 1,000 = 30/1,000, accurately reflecting the proportion of students with positive tests per 1,000.