Nokea
Alcohol should not be given with
- A. Sulphonamides
- B. Clonidine
- C. Reserpine
- D. Metronidazole
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metronidazole with alcohol causes a disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, nausea).
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A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be 6.25.
To reduce potential adverse effects, patients taking a peripherally acting alpha1 antagonist should do all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. Take the dose at bedtime
- B. Sit up slowly and dangle their feet before standing
- C. Monitor their blood pressure and skip a dose if the pressure is less than 120/80
- D. Weigh daily and report weight gain of greater than 2 pounds in one day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skipping doses based on blood pressure is not recommended; it risks uncontrolled hypertension.
Please select a correct statement:
- A. The risk of glaucoma and cataract increases with long-term use of steroids
- B. in the case of long term corticosteroid therapy rapid withdrawal increase the risk of hypertonic crisis
- C. Prescribing steroids in the case of transplantation stimulated transplant rejection
- D. In the bone steroids decrease osteoclasts and increase osteoblasts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Long-term steroid use increases the risk of glaucoma and cataracts due to ocular effects.
Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
- A. Are Schedule III drugs in all states
- B. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age
- C. Are effective in treating the congestion children experience with the common cold
- D. May cause drowsiness in patients of all ages
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine is unsafe for children under 4 due to serious side effects; it's not Schedule III , variably effective in kids , or typically sedating .
A 60-year-old man with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is treated with pioglitazone. Which of the following phrases summarizes best this drug's main mechanism of action?
- A. Blocks intestinal carbohydrate absorption
- B. Causes glycosuria (increased renal glucose excretion)
- C. Increases hepatic gluconeogenesis
- D. Increases target tissue sensitivity to insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity in target tissues like muscle and fat via PPAR-gamma activation.