Nokea
All of following are examples of prodrugs except
- A. Levodopa
- B. Enlapril
- C. Omeprazole
- D. Indomethacin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prodrugs (e.g., levodopa, enalapril, omeprazole) are inactive until metabolized. Indomethacin is active as administered.
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A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for oxcarbazepine with a female client who has partial seizures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use caution if given a prescription for a diuretic medication.
- B. Consider using oral contraceptives.
- C. Chew gum to increase saliva production.
- D. Avoid driving until you see how the medication affects you.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxcarbazepine reduces contraceptive efficacy , requires driving caution , and rash monitoring .
Azathioprine has significant adverse drug effects, including:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hirsutism
- C. Risk of cancer
- D. Gingival hyperplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Azathioprine increases cancer risk (e.g., lymphoma) via immunosuppression; other effects (A, B, D) are less prominent.
The client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine (Oncovin). The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates a side effect specific to this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Hair loss
- C. Chest pain
- D. Numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A side effect specific to vincristine is peripheral neuropathy, which occurs in almost every client. Peripheral neuropathy can be manifested as numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes. Depression of the Achilles tendon reflex may be the first clinical sign indicating peripheral neuropathy. Constipation rather than diarrhea is most likely to occur with this medication, although diarrhea may occur occasionally. Hair loss occurs with nearly all the antineoplastic medications. Chest pain is unrelated to this medication.
Sitagliptin has been approved for:
- A. Monotherapy in once-daily doses
- B. Combination therapy with metformin
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitagliptin is approved for monotherapy and with metformin , offering flexible type 2 diabetes management.
Which antiepileptic drug in therapeutic doses causes least sedation?
- A. Primidone
- B. Clonazepam
- C. Phenytoin
- D. Phenobarbitone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenytoin causes less sedation compared to others.