Nokea
All of following are examples of prodrugs except
- A. Levodopa
- B. Enlapril
- C. Omeprazole
- D. Indomethacin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prodrugs (e.g., levodopa, enalapril, omeprazole) are inactive until metabolized. Indomethacin is active as administered.
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A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. Which of the following might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Monitoring drug effects in patients who are selected to participate in a study, who have the disease that the drug is meant to treat
- C. Collecting records of symptoms that participants experience while taking a drug and determining whether they are caused by the disease or the drug
- D. Informing healthy, young volunteer participants of possible risks that could occur from taking an experimental drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical market where patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. A select group of patients who are involved in phase II studies participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
A patient is receiving digoxin as treatment for heart failure. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to monitor to reduce the risk for toxicity?
- A. Seizure activity
- B. Drug blood level
- C. Urinary output
- D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor the patient's blood level of the drug to ensure that the level remains within the therapeutic range. Monitoring seizure activity, urination frequency, and blood pressure will not prevent toxicity. Seizure activity is unrelated to digoxin or heart failure.
Which of the following NSAIDs has greater inhibitory selectivity for COX-1 than COX-2?
- A. Flurbiprofen
- B. Indomethacin
- C. Diclofenac
- D. Celecoxib
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indomethacin is more selective for COX-1, whereas celecoxib is COX-2 selective; others have mixed activity.
A 15 year old girl experiences epileptic fits during her menstrual periods. Which ONE of the following drugs is best suited for the management of her condition?
- A. Ethosuximide
- B. Valproic acid
- C. Phenytoin
- D. Corticosteroids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Valproic acid is effective for catamenial epilepsy and tonic-clonic seizures.
A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for oxcarbazepine with a female client who has partial seizures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use caution if given a prescription for a diuretic medication.
- B. Consider using oral contraceptives.
- C. Chew gum to increase saliva production.
- D. Avoid driving until you see how the medication affects you.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxcarbazepine reduces contraceptive efficacy , requires driving caution , and rash monitoring .