Nokea
All of the following statements about efficacy and potency are true EXCEPT:
- A. Efficacy is usually a more important clinical consideration than potency
- B. Efficacy is the maximum effect of a drug
- C. Potency is a comparative measure, refers to the different doses of two drugs that are needed to produce the same effect
- D. The ED50 is a measure of drug's efficacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ED50 measures potency (dose for 50% effect), not efficacy (maximal effect).
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What is the role of calcium supplements when patients take bisphosphonates?
- A. They must be restricted to allow the medication to work
- B. They must be taken in sufficient amounts to provide foundational elements for bone growth
- C. They must be taken at the same time as the bisphosphonates
- D. They only work with bisphosphonates if daily intake is restricted
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium supports bone health with bisphosphonates but must be timed separately (not C) to avoid interference.
There is a narrow margin between first appearance of adverse reaction to AChE inhibitors and serious toxic effects. Adverse reactions that require immediate action include:
- A. Dizziness and headache
- B. Nausea
- C. Decreased salivation
- D. Fasciculations of voluntary muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasciculations indicate potential cholinergic crisis, requiring urgent intervention.
The bronchodilator of choice for patients taking propranolol is:
- A. Albuterol
- B. Pirbuterol
- C. Formoterol
- D. Ipratropium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ipratropium , an anticholinergic, avoids beta-blockade interference from propranolol, unlike beta-agonists .
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Valproic Acid. The nurse should instruct the client that while taking this medication he will need to have which of the following laboratory tests completed periodically?
- A. Thrombocyte count
- B. Hematocrit
- C. Amylase
- D. Kidney function tests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproic acid requires monitoring of platelets for bleeding risk and liver function for hepatotoxicity.
Patient education regarding taking iron replacements includes:
- A. Doubling the dose if they miss a dose to maintain therapeutic levels
- B. Taking the iron with milk or crackers if it upsets their stomach
- C. Iron is best taken on an empty stomach with juice
- D. Antacids such as Tums may help the upset stomach caused by iron therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iron absorption is best on an empty stomach with juice; milk or antacids reduce absorption, and doubling risks toxicity.