Maternal Disorders

Maternal Disorders Related

Review Maternal Disorders related questions and content

An absence of what may facilitate the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis?

  • A. Antibodies
  • B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • C. Gardnerella vaginalis
  • D. Vaginal mucosa
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Lactobacillus acidophilus

Rationale: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a beneficial bacteria that helps maintain the acidic pH of the vagina, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. An absence of Lactobacillus acidophilus can disrupt the vaginal microbiota balance, allowing for the overgrowth of harmful bacteria and leading to bacterial vaginosis.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Antibodies - Antibodies play a role in the immune response but are not directly related to the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis.
C: Gardnerella vaginalis - Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis, not its absence.
D: Vaginal mucosa - The integrity of the vaginal mucosa is important for protection, but its absence would not directly facilitate bacterial vaginosis.

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A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation discovers she is HPV positive at her prenatal visit. Upon examination, her provider detects genital warts. Which treatment is not recommended in this case?

  • A. Carbon dioxide laser surgery
  • B. Electrocautery
  • C. Surgical excision
  • D. Podophyllin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Podophyllin. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects. Carbon dioxide laser surgery, electrocautery, and surgical excision can be considered safer options for treating genital warts during pregnancy. Podophyllin should be avoided to prevent harm to the developing fetus.

Which is a constellation of physical and psychological symptoms beginning in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and followed by a symptom-free period?

  • A. Endometriosis
  • B. Abnormal uterine bleeding
  • C. Premenstrual syndrome
  • D. Depression
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs in the luteal phase due to hormonal changes.
2. PMS includes physical and psychological symptoms.
3. It is followed by a symptom-free period (during menstruation).
4. Endometriosis is a separate condition involving tissue growth outside the uterus.
5. Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to irregular bleeding patterns.
6. Depression is a mental health condition not specific to the menstrual cycle.

Summary:
PMS is the correct answer as it aligns with the timing, symptoms, and pattern described in the question. Endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding, and depression do not fully match the criteria provided.

The nurse is providing a 20-year-old woman diagnosed with fibrocystic disease with education about her condition. Which information should be included? Select all that apply.

  • A. Pain or tenderness is never present with fibrocystic disease.
  • B. The cysts are thought to be hormone related.
  • C. The cysts can be of any size, can feel like small lumps or grapes, and can be soft or firm.
  • D. It is not a common finding in women between the ages of 30 and 50.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because pain or tenderness is not always present with fibrocystic disease. This information is important for the nurse to include when educating the patient. The other choices are incorrect because B is true - cysts are hormone-related, C describes the characteristics of fibrocystic disease, and D is false - fibrocystic disease is common in women between the ages of 30 and 50.

A woman is noted to have multiple soft warts on her perineum and rectal areas. The nurse suspects that this client has which type of infection?

  • A. HIV
  • B. HPV
  • C. Syphilis
  • D. Herpes simplex virus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: HPV. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes soft warts in the perineum and rectal areas. HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection known to cause genital warts. The other choices are incorrect because HIV does not typically present with warts, syphilis manifests with painless sores rather than soft warts, and herpes simplex virus causes painful blisters rather than soft warts in the specified areas.

Which are risk factors for ovarian cancer? Select all that apply.

  • A. Talc use on the perineum
  • B. First-degree relative with ovarian cancer
  • C. Three or more children
  • D. High-fat diet
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Three or more children. Multiparity (having three or more children) has been identified as a protective factor against ovarian cancer due to the repeated ovulation and hormonal changes during pregnancy. A: Talc use on the perineum is not a well-established risk factor. B: Having a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk, but it is not as significant as having multiple children. D: High-fat diet has been suggested as a risk factor, but the evidence is not as strong as the protective effect of multiparity.

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