Nokea
Which of the following laws govern nursing practice?
- A. Statutory laws
- B. Common laws
- C. Administrative laws
- D. Constitutional laws
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Statutory laws. Nursing practice is primarily governed by statutory laws, which are laws created by legislative bodies. These laws outline the scope of practice, licensure requirements, and regulations for nursing professionals. Common laws (B) are based on court decisions and do not specifically govern nursing practice. Administrative laws (C) regulate administrative agencies and their functions, not nursing practice. Constitutional laws (D) pertain to the constitution and the rights of individuals, not the specific regulations for nursing practice.
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Which of the following theories best describes current health care delivery systems?
- A. Open system theory
- B. Closed system theory
- C. Chaos theory
- D. Contingency theory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Contingency theory. Contingency theory suggests that there is no one best way to organize and manage a healthcare system. It emphasizes that the effectiveness of a healthcare delivery system depends on various factors such as the environment, technology, and organizational structure. This theory acknowledges the complexity of healthcare systems and the need for flexibility and adaptation to changing circumstances.
A: Open system theory focuses on the system's interaction with its environment, but it does not specifically address the best way to organize and manage a healthcare system.
B: Closed system theory suggests that a system is self-contained and not influenced by external factors, which is not suitable for describing healthcare delivery systems.
C: Chaos theory emphasizes the unpredictability and complexity of systems, but it does not provide a framework for organizing and managing healthcare systems effectively.
To best reduce the potential for risk, what type of atmosphere is needed to be developed?
- A. Nurse-focused
- B. Physician-focused
- C. Family-focused
- D. Patient-focused
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Patient-focused. Developing a patient-focused atmosphere is crucial to reduce potential risks in healthcare. Patients should be at the center of care, with their needs, preferences, and safety prioritized. In a patient-focused atmosphere, communication is enhanced, leading to better understanding and adherence to treatment plans, reducing errors and adverse events. Nurses, physicians, and families play important roles in patient care, but ultimately, the patient should be the primary focus.
Incorrect choices:
A: Nurse-focused - Focusing solely on nurses may neglect the holistic approach to patient care and fail to address the patient's needs directly.
B: Physician-focused - Similarly, focusing only on physicians may lead to a lack of patient involvement in decision-making and may not address the emotional and psychological aspects of care.
C: Family-focused - While involving families in care is important, solely focusing on them may not always align with the patient's best interests and may not address the patient's autonomy and individual needs.
The process by which registered nurses assess and judge the performance of peers against some predetermined standard is called:
- A. Group evaluation.
- B. Peer review.
- C. Forced distribution evaluation.
- D. Essay evaluation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peer review. Peer review involves registered nurses evaluating and judging the performance of their peers against predetermined standards. This process allows for feedback, improvement, and accountability within the nursing profession.
A: Group evaluation involves assessing the performance of a group as a whole, not individual peers.
C: Forced distribution evaluation is a performance appraisal method where ratings are distributed in a predetermined pattern, not specific to peer assessment.
D: Essay evaluation is a method of assessment based on written responses and does not specifically involve peer assessment.
In summary, peer review is the appropriate term for nurses assessing and judging their peers' performance against predetermined standards.
One of the perceptions of turnover is:
- A. Poor management
- B. Rejection of the job
- C. Loss of poor performers
- D. Poor job atmosphere
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rejection of the job. Turnover can occur when employees feel dissatisfied with their job roles, responsibilities, or work environment, leading them to reject the job and seek opportunities elsewhere. This perception aligns with the concept of voluntary turnover, where employees choose to leave due to personal reasons rather than external factors like poor management (A), loss of poor performers (C), or poor job atmosphere (D). These other choices focus on external factors or outcomes of turnover, whereas choice B directly addresses the personal perspective of the employee as a key driver of turnover.
An RN’s current patient and family have presented her with an ethical dilemma. What is the first step the RN should take to find a workable solution to the problem?
- A. Planning
- B. Assessment
- C. Evaluation
- D. Implementation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessment. The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to thoroughly assess the situation. This involves gathering all relevant information, understanding the perspectives of the patient and family, and identifying key ethical principles at stake. Assessment allows the RN to have a clear understanding of the dilemma and its implications before proceeding with any planning, implementation, or evaluation. Planning (A), Implementation (D), and Evaluation (C) are all important steps in the problem-solving process, but without a comprehensive assessment, the RN may not have a solid foundation to address the ethical dilemma effectively.