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What is the main purpose of a healthcare proxy?
- A. To manage financial affairs
- B. To make medical decisions on behalf of the patient
- C. To provide legal representation
- D. To oversee patient discharge planning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main purpose of a healthcare proxy is to make medical decisions on behalf of the patient when the patient is unable to do so. This includes decisions about treatment options, procedures, and end-of-life care. A healthcare proxy does not manage financial affairs (A), provide legal representation (C), or oversee patient discharge planning (D). These roles are typically carried out by different individuals or entities with specific responsibilities. The core function of a healthcare proxy is to ensure that the patient's medical wishes and best interests are upheld when they are unable to communicate or make decisions for themselves.
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An RN knows that sometimes, when working through an ethical dilemma, the decision makers are unable to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Which of the following is a reason why an agreement cannot be reached?
- A. One or more of the parties may be able to reconcile their values.
- B. The patient’s point of view is recognized as valuable.
- C. The dilemma involves two or more equally unpleasant choices.
- D. The institution is unable to honor the patient’s request.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because if the institution is unable to honor the patient's request, it can create a barrier to reaching an agreement in an ethical dilemma. If the institution cannot support the patient's wishes, it can lead to conflicting viewpoints and hinder consensus. In contrast, choices A, B, and C do not directly address the institutional aspect and are not as relevant to the primary reason for the inability to reach an agreement in this context. Choice A focuses on individual values, choice B emphasizes the patient's perspective, and choice C pertains to the nature of the dilemma itself rather than external factors like institutional limitations.
The nurse determines a need for additional instruction when the patient with newly diagnosed
type 1 diabetes says which of the following?
- A. “I can have an occasional alcoholic drink if I include it in my meal plan.”
- B. “I will need a bedtime snack because I take an evening dose of NPH insulin.”
- C. “I can choose any foods, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories.”
- D. “I will eat something at meal times to prevent hypoglycemia, even if I am not hungry.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because stating "I can choose any foods, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories" shows a lack of understanding of diabetes management. In type 1 diabetes, it's crucial to follow a balanced diet to regulate blood sugar levels. Choosing any foods without considering their impact on blood sugar control can lead to unstable glucose levels.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Choosing to have an occasional alcoholic drink if included in the meal plan is acceptable as long as it's done in moderation and accounted for in the overall diabetes management plan.
B: Needing a bedtime snack with NPH insulin is appropriate to prevent hypoglycemia overnight.
D: Eating something at meal times to prevent hypoglycemia, even if not hungry, is a good practice to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of terminal cancer. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse that the client is ready to hear information regarding palliative care?
- A. "I am ready to learn about chemotherapy to help cure my cancer."
- B. "I just want you to give me something to get this over with soon."
- C. "I want you to tell me about measures available to keep me comfortable."
- D. "I know that many people have recovered fully from cancer, and so will I."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client's statement demonstrates a desire for comfort-focused care, which is the essence of palliative care for terminal cancer patients. The client is expressing a clear preference for measures that prioritize comfort and quality of life over aggressive treatment. This indicates readiness to receive information about palliative care.
Choice A is incorrect because the client mentions chemotherapy for a cure, indicating a focus on curative treatment rather than comfort care. Choice B is incorrect as the client seems to be expressing a desire for a quick end to their suffering, which may not align with palliative care goals. Choice D is incorrect because the client is expressing unrealistic optimism about recovery, which may hinder acceptance of palliative care.
What is the primary focus of strategic planning in healthcare organizations?
- A. Financial performance
- B. Staff satisfaction
- C. Patient care quality
- D. Regulatory compliance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient care quality. Strategic planning in healthcare organizations primarily focuses on improving patient outcomes, safety, and overall quality of care. This ensures that the organization aligns its resources and goals towards enhancing patient well-being. Financial performance (A) is important but not the primary focus. Staff satisfaction (B) is crucial for employee engagement but not the main goal of strategic planning. Regulatory compliance (D) is essential but not the primary focus, as it is a requirement to ensure quality care rather than the main goal itself.
Which of the following statements regarding leadership and management is true?
- A. Leadership is focused on the achievement of organizational goals.
- B. One must develop the ability to adapt in order to lead.
- C. Management occurs when an individual attempts to influence another.
- D. Successful managers encourage others to work together toward a common goal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
D is the correct answer because successful managers indeed play a key role in encouraging collaboration and teamwork to achieve common goals. Managers are responsible for overseeing tasks, guiding employees, and fostering a positive work environment. By encouraging teamwork, managers can enhance productivity and efficiency within the organization.
A: Leadership focuses on inspiring and guiding others towards achieving organizational goals, not just solely achieving goals themselves.
B: The ability to adapt is important for effective leadership, but it is not the defining characteristic.
C: Management involves influencing others, but it is not solely about attempting to influence others; it also involves planning, organizing, and controlling resources.