Neurological System Questions

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An alternative approach to dealing with attention deficits is not to try and improve attention itself, but to provide the client with some compensatory skills that will allow them to effectively manage their slowed information processing. This is knwn as:

  • A. Information processing management (IPM).
  • B. Time pressure management (TPM).
  • C. Compensatory time management.
  • D. Productive processing management (PPM).
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Time Pressure Management (TPM) is a therapeutic approach designed to help individuals with attention deficits manage their slowed information processing. Instead of focusing on improving attention directly, TPM teaches compensatory strategies, such as breaking tasks into smaller steps, prioritizing activities, and using external aids like timers or reminders. This approach helps individuals adapt to their cognitive limitations and improve their ability to complete tasks efficiently.

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A patient taking ibuprofen (Motrin) for treatment of OA has good pain relief but is experiencing increased dyspepsia and nausea with the drug's use. The nurse consults the patient's primary care provider about doing what?

  • A. Adding misoprostol (Cytotec) to the patient's drug regimen
  • B. Substituting naproxen (Naprosyn) for the ibuprofen (Motrin)
  • C. Returning to the use of acetaminophen but at a dose of 5 g/day instead of 4 g/day
  • D. Administering the ibuprofen with antacids to decrease the gastrointestinal (GI) irritation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Misoprostol protects the GI tract.

A patient has an atherosclerotic plaque in the middle cerebral artery. What does the nurse recognize about this patient's situation?

  • A. Assessment will reveal distended jugular veins.
  • B. Cerebral circulation may be maintained through the circle of Willis.
  • C. The patient will develop a loss of temporal and parietal lobe function.
  • D. Increased pressure in the middle cerebral artery will back up into the vertebral arteries.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The circle of Willis can maintain cerebral circulation if one artery is compromised.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding amphibian and mammalian visual systems?

  • A. In frog tadpole, neurons from retina project from the left retina to the right optic tectum
  • B. Mammalian superior colliculus is analogous to the amphibian optic tectum
  • C. In both frog tadpole and mammals, half of the neurons project to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from the same side; the other half project to LGN on the opposite side
  • D. Amphibian neurons from dorsal retina project to lateral side of the tectum
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The statement that half of the neurons project to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from the same side in both frog tadpoles and mammals is false. In mammals, most retinal neurons project contralaterally, while in amphibians, the projection pattern is more complex and varies by species. This highlights differences in visual system organization between these groups.

For the patient who has expressive aphasia following a cerebrovascular accident, the most therapeutic nursing intervention would be to

  • A. keep verbal nurse-patient interchanges to a minimum
  • B. talk to the patient as if he understands
  • C. avoid using objects or gestures to communicate
  • D. keep the sound of a radio or television audible in the background
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Talking normally helps maintain cognitive engagement.

Which number in the diagram corresponds to the renal pelvis? (Figure 2)

  • A. 3
  • B. 7
  • C. 13
  • D. 14
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The number 13 corresponds to the renal pelvis because it is the funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and channels it into the ureter. The renal pelvis is a critical part of the urinary system, as it serves as a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body.

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