Nokea
There are ________ layers of meninges around the brain and spinal cord.
- A. one
- B. two
- C. three
- D. four
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of meninges: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. These layers provide structural support, cushioning, and protection against physical injury. The dura mater is the outermost layer, the arachnoid mater is the middle layer, and the pia mater is the innermost layer. Therefore, three is the correct answer as it accurately describes the number of meningeal layers.
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The medilla oblongata:
- A. lies between the midbrain and pons
- B. has only one cranial nerve emerging from it (the trigeminal nerve)
- C. has pyramids lateral to the olives
- D. passes through the foramen magnum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The medulla oblongata passes through the foramen magnum and connects the brainstem to the spinal cord. It contains vital centers for regulating heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
If an individual suffers a traumatic event and has a neurological disorder that means they may be unable to recall anything from the moment of the injury or to retain memories of recent events. This is known as:
- A. anterograde amnesia
- B. retrograde amnesia
- C. postevent amnesia
- D. antenatal amnesia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia, often due to brain injury or trauma. This condition severely impacts an individual's ability to retain information about recent events, while memories from before the injury may remain intact. It is commonly associated with damage to the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory formation and consolidation.
A patient who had a below-the-knee amputation is to be fitted with a temporary prosthesis. It is most important for the nurse to teach the patient to do what?
- A. Inspect the residual limb daily for irritation.
- B. Apply an elastic shrinker before applying the prosthesis.
- C. Perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises to the affected leg four times a day.
- D. Apply alcohol to the residual limb every morning and evening to toughen the skin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shrinkers help mold the residual limb for the prosthesis.
A 70-year-old alcoholic patient with acute lethargy, confusion, and incontinence is admitted to the hospital ED. His wife tells you that he fell down the stairs about a month ago, but 'he didn't have a scratch afterward.' She feels that he has become gradually less active and sleepier over the last 10 days or so. Which of the following collaborative interventions will you implement first?
- A. Place on the hospital alcohol withdrawal protocol.
- B. Transfer to radiology for a CT scan.
- C. Insert a retention catheter to straight drainage.
- D. Give phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg PO.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A CT scan is needed to rule out a subdural hematoma, which could explain the symptoms.
Following a T2 spinal cord injury, the patient develops paralytic ileus. While this condition is present, what should the nurse anticipate that the patient will need?
- A. IV fluids
- B. Tube feedings
- C. Parenteral nutrition
- D. Nasogastric suctioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV fluids maintain hydration during ileus.