Nokea
An HIV-positive patient on antiretroviral therapy informs the nurse that he is considering taking sildenafil. The nurse informs the patient that he may experience which of the following when taking sildenafil with antiretroviral therapy?
- A. Feching of dizziness
- B. Tching of skin
- C. Risk of hypotension
- D. Depression
- E. Nausea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should educate the patient regarding the associated risks, such as hypotension, visual disturbances, and prolonged penile erection. Feeling of dizziness, itching of skin, depression, and nausea are not conditions that are specifically associated with sildenafil and antiretroviral drugs.
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Clients receiving antiretroviral drugs for HIV infection may continue to contract opportunistic infections. The nurse would be alert for which of the following when assessing the client during therapy? Select all that apply.
- A. Fever.
- B. Malaise
- C. Sore throat
- D. Lethargy
- E. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: The nurse's ongoing assessment of HIV-positive clients should include close monitoring for signs of infection such as fever, malaise, sore throat, or lethargy.
A patient who is being discharged needs to continue taking the zanamivir using a Diskhaler and a bronchodilator. Both the inhaler and the Diskhaler are prescribed at the same time. Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for the patient?
- A. Zanamivir should be taken every 6 hours.
- B. Use the bronchodilator before taking zanamivir.
- C. Zanamivir used with a bronchodilator causes orthostatic hypotension.
- D. Risk of disease transmission is minimal during therapy.
- E. Monitor for allergic reactions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The bronchodilator should be used before the zanamivir. The drug should be taken every 12 hours, not every 6 hours. The nurse should also inform the patient that treatment with this drug does not decrease the risk of transmission of the 'flu' to others. Zanamivir when used with a bronchodilator does not specifically cause orthostatic hypotension, though antivirals are known to affect the mental status of patients. Monitoring for allergic reactions is a general recommendation but not specific to this scenario.
A nurse is providing care to a client receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The nurse would expect the client to receive which of the following antiretroviral agents? Select all that apply.
- A. Protease inhibitors
- B. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- C. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- D. Entry inhibitors
- E. Integrase inhibitors
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: HAART includes three categories of antiretroviral drugs: protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
A nurse is providing care to a client with a sulfonamide allergy. The nurse would expect to administer which of the following cautiously if prescribed? Select all that apply.
- A. Maraviroc (Selzentry)
- B. Lamivudine (Epivir)
- C. Fosamprenavir (Lexiva)
- D. Ritonavir (Norvir)
- E. Amprenavir (Agenerase)
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: If a client has a sulfonamide allergy, the antiretroviral drugs fosamprenavir and amprenavir should be used cautiously.
The nurse is preparing to administer an antiviral drug to a client. Which of the following would the nurse include in the preadministration assessment? Select all that apply.
- A. Client's general state of health
- B. Blood glucose levels
- C. Resistance to infection
- D. Electrocardiogram findings
- E. Vital signs
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The nurse's preadministration assessment of the client prior to administration of antiviral drugs should include determination of the client's general state of health and resistance to infection, record of client's symptoms and complaints, and record of vital signs. Blood glucose levels and electrocardiogram findings are not needed.