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An important nursing intervention for the patient with ankylosing spondylitis is to teach the patient to do what?
- A. Wear roomy shoes with good orthotic support.
- B. Sleep on the side with the knees and hips flexed.
- C. Keep the spine slightly flexed while sitting, standing, or walking.
- D. Perform back, neck, and chest stretches and deep-breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stretching exercises maintain flexibility.
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In the 2000 film 'Memento' the lead character, Leonard is unable to form new memories as a result of an earlier head injury caused by an assailant. This is known as:
- A. Retrograde memory dysfunction
- B. Postevent memory dysfunction
- C. Anterograde memory dysfunction
- D. Antenatal memory dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterograde memory dysfunction is characterized by the inability to form new memories after a traumatic event or injury, as depicted in the film 'Memento.' This condition is often linked to damage in the hippocampus or surrounding medial temporal lobe structures, which are essential for encoding and storing new information. Individuals with this dysfunction can recall past memories but struggle to create new ones, leading to significant challenges in daily functioning.
Which structure is encircled by the circle of Willis?
- A. cavernous sinus
- B. pineal gland
- C. aqueduct of the midbrain
- D. pituitary stalk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The circle of Willis encircles the pituitary stalk and provides collateral blood flow to the brain. It is a critical anastomotic structure at the base of the brain.
What should the nurse teach the patient recovering from an episode of acute low back pain?
- A. Perform daily exercise as a lifelong routine.
- B. Sit in a chair with the hips higher than the knees.
- C. Avoid occupations in which the use of the body is required.
- D. Sleep on the abdomen or on the back with the legs extended.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular exercise strengthens the back muscles.
Which treatment modality should a nurse recommend to help a patient diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder cope more effectively?
- A. Flooding
- B. Relaxation
- C. Response prevention
- D. Systematic desensitization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relaxation. For a patient with somatic symptom disorder, relaxation techniques can help reduce anxiety and physical symptoms associated with the disorder. Relaxation promotes a sense of calm, reduces stress, and can improve coping skills. Flooding (A) involves exposing a patient to a feared stimulus in a sudden and intense manner, which can exacerbate symptoms in somatic symptom disorder. Response prevention (C) is used in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, not somatic symptom disorder. Systematic desensitization (D) is a technique used for phobias, not somatic symptom disorder.
Nursing students are doing a class presentation on stroke. What is the term they would use for deficits in articulation?
- A. Aphasia
- B. Nystagmus
- C. Dysarthria
- D. Dystonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysarthria refers to difficulty in articulating words due to muscle weakness or incoordination, often caused by stroke. Aphasia is a language disorder, nystagmus is involuntary eye movement, and dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions.