Respiratory System Exam Questions

Respiratory System Exam Questions Related

Review Respiratory System Exam Questions related questions and content

An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in a(n):

  • A. decrease in the rate of breathing.
  • B. increase of the respiratory rate.
  • C. decrease of pulmonary ventilation.
  • D. decrease of the alveolar ventilation rate.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: an increase of the respiratory rate. When carbon dioxide levels rise in the blood, it triggers the body to increase the rate of breathing to eliminate excess carbon dioxide through exhalation. This is known as the respiratory drive, controlled by the respiratory centers in the brainstem. Increasing the respiratory rate helps to restore the balance of gases in the blood.

Incorrect Choices:
A: Decrease in the rate of breathing - This is incorrect because high levels of carbon dioxide would stimulate an increase in breathing rate, not a decrease.
C: Decrease of pulmonary ventilation - This is incorrect as an increase in carbon dioxide would typically lead to an increase, not a decrease, in pulmonary ventilation.
D: Decrease of the alveolar ventilation rate - This is incorrect because an increase in carbon dioxide would prompt an increase in alveolar ventilation to remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood.

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Carbon dioxide and water combine to form

  • A. hydrochloric acid
  • B. oxygen
  • C. carbonic acid
  • D. carbaminohemoglobin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: carbonic acid. When carbon dioxide and water combine, they form carbonic acid through a chemical reaction known as hydration. This process is essential for the transportation of carbon dioxide in the blood and plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's pH balance. Hydrochloric acid (A) is formed by the reaction of hydrogen chloride gas with water. Oxygen (B) is not a product of the reaction between carbon dioxide and water. Carbaminohemoglobin (D) is a compound formed by the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin in red blood cells, not a direct product of the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.

Chloride shift occurs from the plasma to the RBC and is meant for

  • A. Formation of Hemoglobinic acid
  • B. Formation of Bicarbonates
  • C. To keep electrostatic neutrality of RBC membrane
  • D. To transport CO2
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To keep electrostatic neutrality of RBC membrane. Chloride shift helps maintain the balance of charges inside and outside red blood cells (RBCs) to prevent excessive positive or negative charges, ensuring the electrostatic neutrality of the RBC membrane. This process involves the exchange of chloride ions between the plasma and RBCs, with chloride moving into the RBCs to balance the outflow of bicarbonate ions during the transport of CO2. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the primary function of chloride shift, which is to maintain the electrostatic neutrality of the RBC membrane. Hemoglobinic acid formation, bicarbonate formation, and CO2 transport are secondary outcomes of the chloride shift process, but the main purpose is to regulate the charge balance within the RBCs.

When teaching a patient with heart failure on a 2000-mg sodium diet. Which foods should the nurse recommend limiting?

  • A. Chicken
  • B. Fresh spinach
  • C. Eggs
  • D. Milk
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Milk. Milk is a high sodium food and can contribute significantly to a patient's daily sodium intake. For a patient on a 2000-mg sodium diet, it is crucial to limit high sodium foods like milk to prevent fluid retention and worsening of heart failure symptoms. Other choices (A, B, C) are lower in sodium compared to milk. Chicken, fresh spinach, and eggs are generally good protein sources with lower sodium content and can be included in moderation in a 2000-mg sodium diet for a heart failure patient.

In mammals ventilation movements of lungs are governed by

  • A. Muscular wall of lungs
  • B. Inter costal muscles
  • C. Diaphragm
  • D. Diaphragm and inter coastal muscles
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation by contracting and relaxing, respectively. Intercostal muscles aid in expanding and contracting the rib cage to assist in breathing. The combination of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles working together ensures efficient ventilation of the lungs in mammals. Choices A and B are incorrect because the muscular wall of the lungs and intercostal muscles alone are not solely responsible for regulating ventilation. Choice C is incorrect because the diaphragm alone does not govern ventilation movements without the assistance of the intercostal muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately reflects the coordinated effort of both the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in regulating lung ventilation.

With respect to regional gas exchange in the upright lung

  • A. Ventilation is greater at the top of the lungs
  • B. Perfusion is much greater at the top of the lungs compared with the bases
  • C. Ventilation/perfusion ratio is abnormally high at the top of the lungs
  • D. PO2 is highest at the bases of the lungs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the upright lung, the ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher at the top due to gravity causing increased perfusion at the bases. This results in a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion, leading to a higher V/Q ratio at the top. Choices A and B are incorrect because ventilation is actually greater at the bases due to the effect of gravity, leading to higher ventilation there. Choice D is incorrect because PO2 is higher at the apex of the lung due to decreased perfusion but not at the bases.

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