Nokea
An infant with gastroschisis is MORE likely than one with an omphalocele to have which of the following conditions?
- A. Congenital heart disease
- B. History of prematurity
- C. Imperforate anus
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infants with gastroschisis are more likely to have a history of prematurity compared to those with omphalocele, though neither condition is strongly associated with congenital heart disease or imperforate anus.
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Nearly all cervical carcinomas contain human papillomavirus (HPV). Which of the following types is never associated with such malignancy?
- A. type6
- B. type 16
- C. type 18
- D. type 31
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HPV type 6 is typically associated with low-grade lesions and genital warts, not cervical carcinoma.
The Andrews family has been taking good care of their youngest, Archie, who was diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements indicate a need for further home care teaching?
- A. "He should increase his fluid intake regularly to thin secretions."
- B. "We'll make sure that he avoids exercise to prevent attacks."
- C. "He is to use his bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler."
- D. "We need to identify what things trigger his attacks." 50
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to note that exercise should not be completely avoided for a child with asthma. Regular physical activity is beneficial for overall health and can help improve lung function in asthmatic individuals. Supervised and controlled exercise under the guidance of healthcare providers can be safe for children with asthma. Avoiding exercise altogether can lead to deconditioning and other health issues. It is important to educate the family on the proper management of asthma during exercise, such as using a rescue inhaler before engaging in physical activity. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further home care teaching.
A client is admitted to an acute care facility with esophageal cancer. The incidence of esophageal cancer is highest in:
- A. Black males.
- B. Women over age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The incidence of esophageal cancer is highest in black males. Studies have shown that black males have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer compared to other demographic groups. Various factors contribute to this increased risk, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle habits (such as smoking and alcohol consumption), and potential disparities in access to healthcare and early detection. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these disparities in order to provide appropriate care and support for individuals at higher risk for esophageal cancer.
Which of the following would the nurse use to document a finding that the patient's ear is draining?
- A. Otorrhea
- B. Otalgia
- C. Ototoxic
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Otorrhea is the medical term used to describe drainage from the ear. It is a finding that indicates the ear is draining fluid, which can be a sign of infection or other underlying issues. Otalgia refers to ear pain, ototoxic refers to substances that can damage the ear, and tinnitus refers to ringing in the ears. Therefore, otorrhea is the most appropriate term to document the finding of a draining ear.
Hindbrain herniation or the Chiari type II malformation is seen in which percent of individuals with myelomeningocele
- A. 10-20%
- B. 20-30%
- C. 40-50%
- D. 80-90%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chiari type II malformation is strongly associated with myelomeningocele, occurring in approximately 80-90% of cases due to abnormal cerebellar development and cranial settling.