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A patient undergoing IUI asks why sperm washing is performed. What is the nurse's explanation?
- A. It concentrates healthy sperm to increase fertilization potential.
- B. It ensures sperm are only viable for IVF procedures.
- C. It reduces the chances of genetic abnormalities in offspring.
- D. It prevents ovulation from occurring too early in the cycle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sperm washing in IUI concentrates healthy sperm, removing debris and non-motile sperm, increasing the chance of fertilization. Choice B is incorrect as sperm washing is not specifically for IVF. Choice C is incorrect, as genetic abnormalities are not directly related to sperm washing. Choice D is incorrect, as sperm washing does not affect ovulation timing.
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A woman who is undergoing infertility testing states, "My husband won't discuss this with me. I don't think he cares about or wants a baby." The nurse's ideal response is
- A. "You should confront him about this."
- B. "He probably doesn't understand your concern."
- C. "Men are sometimes less eager to have children."
- D. "It may be harder for him to express his feelings."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it acknowledges the husband's potential difficulty in expressing his feelings, validating the woman's concerns while also offering empathy. It is important to recognize that discussing infertility can be emotionally challenging for both partners, and the response shows understanding and support.
Choice A is incorrect as it suggests confrontation, which may escalate the situation and lead to further communication breakdown. Choice B implies a lack of understanding on the husband's part, which may not be the case. Choice C is a generalization and may not address the specific dynamics of this couple's situation.
Which statement by a gravid client who is a carrier for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disease, indicates that she understands the implications of her status?
- A. If I have a girl
- B. she will be healthy.
- C. None of my children will be at risk of the disease.
- D. If I have a boy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Girls of carriers have a 50% chance of being carriers but are not affected unless the father also contributes the defective gene.
A nurse is educating a group about male infertility. What factor is most likely to affect sperm quality?
- A. Frequent exercise
- B. Use of mobile phones
- C. Exposure to high temperatures
- D. Dietary habits
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, exposure to high temperatures. Sperm quality can be significantly affected by high temperatures as heat can damage sperm production. Elevated scrotal temperatures can impair sperm production and motility. Frequent exercise (choice A) is generally beneficial for overall health, including reproductive function. The use of mobile phones (choice B) has not been definitively linked to male infertility. Dietary habits (choice D) can influence overall health but are not as directly linked to sperm quality as exposure to high temperatures.
A 25-year-old female tells the nurse, 'I have always planned on having children, but now I have been diagnosed with leukemia. I will start chemotherapy treatments soon.' The nurse should discuss which fertility preservation options with this patient?
- A. Donor oocytes
- B. Gestational carrier
- C. Ovulation induction with oocyte retrieval
- D. Cryopreservation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cryopreservation. This option allows the patient to preserve her fertility by freezing her eggs before starting chemotherapy, which may affect her ovarian function. Cryopreservation is the most suitable choice in this scenario as it provides the patient with the opportunity to have biological children in the future. Donor oocytes (choice A) and gestational carrier (choice B) are not relevant options for this patient as she wants to use her own eggs. Ovulation induction with oocyte retrieval (choice C) may not be feasible due to the urgency of starting chemotherapy and the potential risks associated with ovarian stimulation.
What is the purpose of endometrial biopsy in fertility evaluations?
- A. To determine ovarian reserve and egg quality.
- B. To assess the receptivity of the uterine lining for implantation.
- C. To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream.
- D. To monitor embryo development after IVF.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To assess the receptivity of the uterine lining for implantation. Endometrial biopsy is performed to evaluate the quality of the uterine lining and its ability to support embryo implantation. By examining the endometrial tissue, doctors can assess factors such as thickness, pattern, and receptivity, crucial for successful implantation and pregnancy.
Incorrect choices:
A: To determine ovarian reserve and egg quality - Endometrial biopsy does not provide information on ovarian reserve or egg quality.
C: To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream - Endometrial biopsy does not measure hormone levels in the bloodstream; instead, it focuses on the uterine lining.
D: To monitor embryo development after IVF - Endometrial biopsy is not used to monitor embryo development; it is primarily for assessing uterine receptivity.