Nokea
Another term for spontaneous generation is __________.
- A. biogenesis
- B. abiogenesis
- C. evolution
- D. spontaneity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: abiogenesis. Spontaneous generation refers to the idea that living organisms can arise from non-living matter, which was disproven by Louis Pasteur. Abiogenesis specifically refers to the origin of life from non-living matter, making it synonymous with spontaneous generation. Biogenesis (A) is the principle that living organisms only come from other living organisms. Evolution (C) is the process of gradual change in species over time. Spontaneity (D) refers to happening without external cause and is not directly related to the concept of spontaneous generation.
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Media that contain complex organic substances such as blood for the growth of specific bacteria are referred to as:
- A. enriched media
- B. general-purpose media
- C. reducing media
- D. differential media
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: enriched media. Enriched media contain additional nutrients such as blood to support the growth of fastidious bacteria. This allows for the cultivation of a wider range of microorganisms. General-purpose media (B) contain basic nutrients for a variety of bacteria. Reducing media (C) create anaerobic conditions, not necessarily rich in organic substances. Differential media (D) contain indicators to distinguish between different types of microorganisms, not necessarily enriched with organic substances.
Which of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances?
- A. peroxisomes
- B. lysosomes
- C. lysosomes
- D. peroxisomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: peroxisomes. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes, such as catalase and peroxidase, that are capable of oxidizing toxic substances. These enzymes help detoxify harmful molecules by breaking them down into harmless products. Lysosomes (choices B and C) contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down cellular waste, not oxidative enzymes. Therefore, the correct choice is peroxisomes due to their specific function in detoxification through oxidation reactions.
In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate?
- A. Prophase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Telophase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the centromeres. Prophase is the phase where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Metaphase is when chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. Telophase is when the nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense. Therefore, anaphase is the correct phase for chromatid separation.
For Parvovirus B19 is true that:
- A. Causes HBV
- B. Causes AIDS
- C. Causes erythema infectiosum
- D. Causes measles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease. This virus primarily affects children and causes a distinctive red rash on the cheeks, arms, and legs. It is not associated with causing HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), AIDS, or measles. Parvovirus B19 specifically targets red blood cell precursors, leading to anemia in some cases. Understanding the characteristic clinical presentation and pathophysiology of the virus helps in selecting the correct answer.
A laboratory received a food product that had been taken from the focus of food poisoning and presumably contained botulinum toxin. To identify the type of toxin, the neutralization reaction must be performed on white mice. What biological product is used in this reaction?
- A. Antitoxic serum
- B. Normal serum
- C. Antibacterial serum
- D. Diagnosticum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antitoxic serum. In the neutralization reaction to identify botulinum toxin, antitoxic serum is used to neutralize the toxin in white mice. Antitoxic serum contains antibodies that specifically target and neutralize the botulinum toxin. Normal serum (B) does not contain the necessary antibodies to neutralize the toxin. Antibacterial serum (C) is not effective against toxins like botulinum. Diagnosticum (D) is a general term and does not specifically refer to the biological product required for this reaction.