Nokea
Gram (+) bacteria ... MG-ribonucleate and Mg. deoxyribonucleate in:
- A. Proportion 4:1
- B. Proportion 2:1
- C. Proportion 8:1
- D. Proportion 1:1
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, proportion 4:1. Gram (+) bacteria have a higher ratio of MG-ribonucleate to Mg. deoxyribonucleate because ribosomal RNA is more abundant in actively growing bacterial cells. This higher proportion of MG-ribonucleate to Mg. deoxyribonucleate is essential for protein synthesis and growth. The other choices are incorrect because they do not reflect the higher ratio of ribosomal RNA to DNA in Gram (+) bacteria, which is crucial for their metabolic activities and cellular functions.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection?
- A. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
- B. Arthus phenomenon
- C. Seroreaction
- D. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. This type of reaction is characterized by a delayed response involving T cells. In this case, the appearance of a papule after 48 hours indicates a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, which is typical of a Type IV reaction. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Arthus phenomenon is a localized immune complex-mediated reaction, not seen in tuberculin tests. C: Seroreaction typically involves antibodies reacting with soluble antigens, not seen in this scenario. D: Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve antibodies targeting specific cells or tissues, which is not the mechanism at play in this case.
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?
- A. Mycobacterium leprae
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Clostridium perfringens
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Mycobacterium leprae is the bacterium responsible for causing leprosy, a chronic infectious disease affecting the skin and nerves.
Step 2: Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection.
Step 3: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections.
Step 4: Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene and food poisoning.
Summary: A is correct as Mycobacterium leprae specifically causes leprosy, while B, C, and D cause different diseases unrelated to leprosy.
A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?
- A. Metronidazole
- B. Ampicillin
- C. Gentamicin sulfate
- D. Nystatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Trichomonal gingivostomatitis is caused by the parasite Trichomonas tenax.
Step 2: Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating infections caused by anaerobic organisms like Trichomonas.
Step 3: Metronidazole effectively targets and eliminates Trichomonas parasites in the oral cavity.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct drug choice for treating trichomonal gingivostomatitis is Metronidazole.
Summary:
- Ampicillin (B) is an antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, not parasites.
- Gentamicin sulfate (C) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not parasitic infections.
- Nystatin (D) is an antifungal medication used for treating fungal infections, not parasitic infections like trichomonal gingivostomatitis.
Which bacterium is known for causing food poisoning due to its production of enterotoxins?
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Clostridium botulinum
- C. Salmonella enterica
- D. Vibrio cholerae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium causes food poisoning by producing enterotoxins that lead to symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Staphylococcus aureus can survive in various food items and multiply rapidly, producing toxins that are heat-stable. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism due to neurotoxins, not enterotoxins. Salmonella enterica causes gastrointestinal infections, not primarily food poisoning. Vibrio cholerae causes cholera by producing a toxin that leads to severe watery diarrhea and dehydration, not enterotoxins like Staphylococcus aureus.
Another term for spontaneous generation is __________.
- A. biogenesis
- B. abiogenesis
- C. evolution
- D. spontaneity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: abiogenesis. Spontaneous generation refers to the idea that living organisms can arise from non-living matter, which was disproven by Louis Pasteur. Abiogenesis specifically refers to the origin of life from non-living matter, making it synonymous with spontaneous generation. Biogenesis (A) is the principle that living organisms only come from other living organisms. Evolution (C) is the process of gradual change in species over time. Spontaneity (D) refers to happening without external cause and is not directly related to the concept of spontaneous generation.