Nokea
Anticoagulant drugs (sometimes called 'blood thinners') are broken down (metabolized) in the liver. Which of the following might be an outcome if a patient has undiagnosed liver disease but is started on anticoagulants?
- A. There will be an increase in bleeding tendencies.
- B. The drugs will be ineffective, leading to an increase in clotting tendencies.
- C. The drugs will be excreted from the body unchanged.
- D. The drugs will cause more harm to the liver, possibly leading to liver failure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Undiagnosed liver disease impairs anticoagulant metabolism, leading to drug accumulation and increased bleeding risk due to prolonged effects.
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Decreased renal function is associated with old age. Which of the following tests give information about renal function?
- A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell count, and hematocrit
- C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and white blood cell count
- D. Creatinine, hematocrit, and liver function tests (LFTs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BUN, creatinine, and GFR are specific tests that assess renal function, indicating kidney performance.
Which of the following questions represents the best approach to determining if a caregiver is experiencing burnout?
- A. Are you tired of taking care of your husband/wife?'
- B. Are you experiencing any personal health problems such as insomnia or fatigue?'
- C. Have you ever felt like leaving your husband/wife?'
- D. Do you feel you have too much to do in terms of caring for your husband/wife?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking about personal health problems like insomnia or fatigue is a sensitive and effective way to identify burnout, as these are common symptoms without being accusatory.
Physical effects of aging result, over time, in a decline in performance. Which of the following influence the physical effects of aging?
- A. Lifestyle
- B. Genetics
- C. Chronic diseases
- D. Surgeries
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Lifestyle, genetics, and chronic diseases significantly influence the physical effects of aging, impacting overall health and function.
Patients' lack of knowledge about the medications they take is a factor in polypharmacy.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poor understanding of medications can lead to misuse or duplication, contributing to polypharmacy.
Fall prevention is an extremely important consideration when caring for older adults. Which of the following are interventions you can perform that will help prevent falls?
- A. Get the help of coworkers when transferring a patient with impaired mobility.
- B. Make sure the patient or resident is wearing shoes with nonskid soles.
- C. Keep walkways clear of small articles, electrical cords, and throw rugs.
- D. Never leave a resident who uses a walker while he or she is ambulating.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: All interventions reduce fall risk by ensuring safe transfers, proper footwear, clear pathways, and supervision.