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In general, vital signs of long-term care residents should be assessed once a week or once a month, depending on the facility's policy.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vital signs should be assessed more frequently, often daily or per shift, to monitor health status.
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Polypharmacy refers to the ingestion of many different medications.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polypharmacy involves the use of multiple medications, often increasing risks in older adults.
List several interventions that are required when caring for patients/residents with impaired mobility.
- A. Assist with repositioning every 2 hours; prevents pressure ulcers.
- B. Use assistive devices like walkers; promotes safe mobility.
- C. Provide physical therapy exercises; maintains muscle strength.
- D. Ensure clear walkways; reduces fall risk.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: These interventions enhance safety, prevent complications, and support functional mobility.
A 72-year-old patient is brought to the doctor's office by his son for a checkup. As you are helping him disrobe, you notice several bruises on his stomach. You ask him if he has fallen and he says no, he got them leaning over the sink doing dishes. Which of the following represents your next action?
- A. Suggest he pad the edge of the countertop with foam rubber.
- B. Gently suggest that it is okay to tell you that he fell-that it does not mean he will be put in a nursing home.
- C. Ask him if he is taking anticoagulants or if he has been in the hospital recently.
- D. Ask him about his relationship with his son.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bruising from minimal pressure may indicate anticoagulant use or medical issues, requiring further investigation.
As a nurse, you can review each medication to assess for its purpose and for overlap among drugs.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses play a key role in medication reconciliation to prevent polypharmacy and ensure safe use.
You are a home health nurse and one of your patients, Mrs. Cortes, has age-related macular degeneration and recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. She speaks only a little English, and you cannot ascertain whether or not she knows how to take her medications because you do not speak Spanish. Which of the following represents the best intervention for addressing her educational need?
- A. Try to find a pharmacist in her neighborhood who speaks Spanish, can explain her medications to her, and will prepare the medication bottle labels in Spanish.
- B. Use a plastic weekly pill dispenser and fill it for her each week.
- C. Ask Mrs. Cortes who in her family can act as a translator and have that person present at the next visit, which is scheduled in 2 days. In the meantime, use a plastic pill dispenser and dispense her medications appropriately for the rest of today and the next.
- D. Try to reach a bilingual family member, but if that is not successful, teach her about the pills she should take by using universal symbols for daytime and nighttime or other symbols such as a clock that will indicate time of day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using a translator ensures clear communication for education, while a pill dispenser provides immediate medication management, addressing both short-term and long-term needs.