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As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Martha Rogers
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential.
Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.
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A nurse is preparing to apply a dressing for a client who has a stage 2 pressure injury. Which of the following types of dressing should the nurse use?
- A. Hydrocolloid
- B. Transparent
- C. Gauze
- D. Alginate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hydrocolloid dressing. For a stage 2 pressure injury, a hydrocolloid dressing is ideal as it maintains a moist environment to promote healing, absorbs excess exudate, and provides a barrier against bacteria. Transparent dressings (B) are more suitable for superficial wounds. Gauze dressings (C) may adhere to the wound bed and cause trauma upon removal. Alginate dressings (D) are better for wounds with heavy exudate, not typically seen in stage 2 pressure injuries.
Which of the following is an example of total time lost?
- A. Number of days off that an employee asks for
- B. Number of scheduled days missed
- C. Number of days missed
- D. Number of days perceived to be absent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Number of scheduled days missed. Total time lost refers to the actual working days that were missed as per the employee's schedule. Choice A considers only the days off requested, which may not align with the actual days missed. Choice C is incorrect because it does not specify if the days missed were part of the schedule. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to perception rather than actual days missed. Therefore, B is the most accurate measure of total time lost in terms of work productivity.
What is the main purpose of health informatics?
- A. To manage patient care
- B. To store patient records
- C. To enhance clinical decision making
- D. To improve healthcare policies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To enhance clinical decision making. Health informatics involves utilizing technology to collect, store, analyze, and present healthcare data to support clinical decision-making processes. By leveraging data and information systems, healthcare providers can access relevant information quickly and make informed decisions that improve patient outcomes.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: To manage patient care - While health informatics plays a role in managing patient care through data management and analysis, its primary purpose is to improve decision-making processes rather than directly managing care.
B: To store patient records - Storing patient records is an essential function of health informatics, but the main purpose goes beyond mere storage to include utilizing data to support decision-making.
D: To improve healthcare policies - Health informatics can contribute to evidence-based policymaking by providing data insights, but its main focus is on enhancing clinical decision-making rather than policy development.
The staff on a medical-surgical unit is in conflict with the occupational therapy department. What type of communication will be used to discuss the problems?
- A. Downward communication
- B. Lateral communication
- C. Distorted communication
- D. Upward communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lateral communication. In this scenario, the conflict between the staff and the occupational therapy department requires communication between individuals at the same hierarchical level. Lateral communication enables direct discussion and collaboration among peers to address issues and find solutions.
A: Downward communication involves communication from higher to lower levels in the hierarchy, which would not be suitable for resolving conflicts between different departments.
C: Distorted communication implies a breakdown in the communication process, leading to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, which would not be effective in addressing the conflict.
D: Upward communication involves communication from lower to higher levels in the hierarchy, which may not be the most appropriate method for resolving conflicts between departments.
A client complains every morning that the night shift nursing staff does not answer his call light promptly to assist his elimination needs. His concerns are not shared with the Nurse Manager, and he falls while trying to walk to the bathroom. This fall could be attributed to which of the following?
- A. Breakdown in communication
- B. Lack of staff
- C. Lack of concern
- D. Breakdown in management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breakdown in communication. The client's complaint about the night shift nursing staff not responding promptly to his call light indicates a lack of effective communication between the client and the staff. This breakdown in communication leads to the client attempting to walk to the bathroom alone, resulting in a fall. Lack of staff (B) or lack of concern (C) are not directly related to the client's fall, as the core issue lies in communication. Breakdown in management (D) could contribute to communication issues, but the immediate cause of the fall is the lack of communication between the client and the nursing staff.