Nokea
Beta blockers are the drugs of choice for exertional angina because they:
- A. Improve myocardial oxygen supply by vasodilating the coronary arteries
- B. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and vascular resistance
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers reduce oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and resistance, not by vasodilation.
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Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
Isosorbide dinitrate is prescribed for a patient with chronic stable angina. This drug is administered twice daily, but the schedule is 7 a.m. and 2 p.m. because:
- A. It is a long-acting drug with potential for toxicity.
- B. Nitrate tolerance can develop.
- C. Orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse effect.
- D. It must be taken with milk or food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nitrate-free interval (e.g., after 2 p.m.) prevents tolerance.
The FDA established a safety information and adverse events reporting program called MedWatch. Which individuals can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements?
- A. Physicians
- B. Nurses
- C. Patients
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anyone can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements.
When documenting, which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to use at accredited health care organizations? Select one that does not apply.
- A. IU
- B. 2mg
- C. 0.2 mg
- D. Units
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Always use a leading zero when writing decimals (i.e., 0.2 mg, not .2 mg) and leave off the trailing zero (i.e., 2 mg, not 2.0 mg). Always write out units, international units, and daily; do not use U, IU, or QD.
A nurse is explaining to a young mother why she cannot give her 2-year-old child an adult dose of Tylenol. Which of the following statements would indicate that the mother needs further education?
- A. There could be a time when my child may need a higher dose than normal.'
- B. My baby's dose of Tylenol is based on a healthy adult male.'
- C. My baby can't handle a high dose of Tylenol because her liver may be damaged.'
- D. My child's dose of Tylenol should be based on her weight or age.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A child's dose is never based on an adult's dose. However, on rare occasions a child's dose might be higher than normal if a critical concentration cannot be reached with a smaller dose and a higher dose would not be harmful. Benefits from the increased dosage would have to outweigh the risk for adverse or toxic effects. A child's organs may not be mature enough to handle drugs, causing drug metabolism to be altered. A child's dosages are determined by the age, weight, or body surface.