Nokea
Carina is the point where ...... divided
- A. Trachea
- B. bronchi
- C. larynx
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trachea. Carina is the point where the trachea is divided into the left and right primary bronchi. This anatomical landmark is located at the lower end of the trachea where it bifurcates into the bronchi. The other choices, B: bronchi and C: larynx, are incorrect because the trachea is the structure that is divided at the carina, not the bronchi or larynx. Choice D: none of them is also incorrect because the trachea is indeed divided at the carina. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately describes the anatomical location where the trachea divides.
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Identify the inconsistent value at sea level
- A. Alveolar pCO2 = 40mmHg
- B. Alveolar pO2 = 100mmHg
- C. Alveolar PH2O = 47mmHg
- D. pO2 of inspired air = 130mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because at sea level, the pO2 of inspired air is around 159mmHg, not 130mmHg. This is due to the partial pressure of oxygen being higher at sea level. Alveolar pCO2, pO2, and PH2O values are consistent with normal values at sea level. Therefore, D is the inconsistent value.
The client with COPD tells the nursing assistant that she did not get her annual flu shot this year and has not had a pneumonia vaccination. You will be sure to instruct the nursing assistant to report which of the following?
- A. Blood pressure 152/84
- B. Respiratory rate 27/minute
- C. Heart rate 92/minute
- D. Oral temperature 101.2°F
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A fever of 101.2°F is significant and warrants immediate reporting. Blood pressure (A), respiratory rate (B), and heart rate (C) are within normal limits for someone with COPD.
Exchange across a membrane requires
- A. moisture.
- B. transport proteins
- C. pressure gradients.
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exchange across a membrane involves the movement of molecules or ions. Moisture (A) helps facilitate this movement by dissolving solutes. Transport proteins (B) are essential for facilitating the movement of specific molecules across the membrane. Pressure gradients (C) can drive the movement of substances across the membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all these factors play a crucial role in facilitating exchange across a membrane. Moisture alone is not sufficient for exchange, transport proteins are necessary for specific molecule transport, and pressure gradients can aid in driving the movement of substances.
What does the nurse include when planning for postural drainage for the patient with COPD?
- A. Schedules the procedure 1 hour before and after meals
- B. Has the patient cough before positioning to clear the lungs
- C. Assesses the patient’s tolerance for dependent (head-down) positions
- D. Ensures that percussion and vibration are performed before positioning the patient
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When planning for postural drainage for a patient with COPD, assessing the patient's tolerance for dependent positions is crucial as it helps ensure the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. Positioning the patient appropriately is key in promoting drainage and improving respiratory function.
Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to
- A. changes in PCO2
- B. changes in PCO2
- C. changes in pH
- D. changes in blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: changes in PCO2. Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies detect levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood. Blocking afferent action potentials from these chemoreceptors would specifically interfere with detecting changes in PCO2, as these receptors primarily respond to alterations in CO2 levels. This interference would disrupt the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to changes in PCO2, leading to potential respiratory problems. Choices A and C are incorrect because chemoreceptors primarily respond to CO2 levels, not O2 or pH. Choice D is incorrect because changes in blood pressure are primarily detected by baroreceptors, not chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.