Nokea
Which phrase is used to describe the volume of air inspired and expired with a normal breath?
- A. Total lung capacity
- B. Forced vital capacity
- C. Tidal volume
- D. Residual volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tidal volume. Tidal volume refers to the volume of air inspired and expired during a normal breath. It represents the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during each respiratory cycle, which typically ranges from 500 to 700 milliliters in adults. Total lung capacity (A) is the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold, including residual volume. Forced vital capacity (B) is the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not related to a normal breath. Residual volume (D) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation and is not part of a normal breath cycle.
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Residual volume of the lung is
- A. 1200 ml
- B. 1500 ml
- C. 4500 ml
- D. 500 ml
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1200 ml. Residual volume is the amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration. It is around 1200 ml because it cannot be exhaled due to lung elasticity. Choice B (1500 ml) is incorrect as it is higher than the normal range. Choice C (4500 ml) is incorrect as it is too high for residual volume. Choice D (500 ml) is incorrect as it is too low for residual volume.
which actions occur in inhalation
- A. rib muscle and diaphragm contract
- B. volume in chest cavity increase
- C. air pressure decreases
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during inhalation, the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding the chest cavity which increases its volume. This decrease in pressure inside the lungs allows air to rush in. Therefore, all the actions mentioned in options A, B, and C occur during inhalation. Rib muscle and diaphragm contraction, increased volume in the chest cavity, and decreased air pressure collectively facilitate the process of inhalation. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the necessary actions that occur during inhalation.
The client with COPD tells the nursing assistant that she did not get her annual flu shot this year and has not had a pneumonia vaccination. You will be sure to instruct the nursing assistant to report which of the following?
- A. Blood pressure 152/84
- B. Respiratory rate 27/minute
- C. Heart rate 92/minute
- D. Oral temperature 101.2°F
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A fever of 101.2°F is significant and warrants immediate reporting. Blood pressure (A), respiratory rate (B), and heart rate (C) are within normal limits for someone with COPD.
Foetal hemoglobin has great affinity than adult hemoglobin because
- A. It binds 2,3 DPG less avidity by Gamma polypeptide chain than HbA
- B. Its concentration is very high
- C. Foetal blood gets oxygen from the mother
- D. Its polypetide chains bind very fast with Oxygen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because 2,3 DPG binds less avidly to the Gamma polypeptide chain in foetal hemoglobin, resulting in a higher affinity for oxygen. This is due to structural differences between foetal and adult hemoglobin. Choice B is incorrect as high concentration alone does not determine affinity. Choice C is incorrect as the source of oxygen does not affect hemoglobin's affinity. Choice D is incorrect as the speed of oxygen binding does not necessarily correlate with affinity.
Cloacal respiration is found in
- A. Snake
- B. Turtle and Tortoise
- C. Crocodile
- D. Frog
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cloacal respiration is found in turtles and tortoises. These reptiles can absorb oxygen through their cloaca, a multi-functional opening used for excretion and reproduction. Turtles and tortoises lack specialized respiratory organs like lungs, and thus utilize cloacal respiration as an additional means of obtaining oxygen. Snakes (Option A) primarily rely on lung respiration. Crocodiles (Option C) have well-developed lungs for breathing. Frogs (Option D) respire through their skin and lungs but do not utilize cloacal respiration like turtles and tortoises. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it is the only species listed that exhibits cloacal respiration.