Children start pretending during which stage
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pretend play emerges in the preoperational stage (2-7 years) with symbolic thinking.
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All of the following are suggested ways of enhancing/ developing one's self esteem except
- A. Take action to become aware of your personal strengths
- B. Minimize settings and interactions that detract from your feelings of competence
- C. Talk and socialize frequently with people who boost your self esteem
- D. All of these are the ways to enhance one's self esteem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed options are valid strategies to enhance self-esteem, so 'except' doesn't apply.
The most fundamental difference between qualitative data and quantitative data is that:
- A. The research questions that can be addressed using each of the types of data
- B. The topics about which the data are being collected
- C. The respondents providing the data
- D. The type of judgment that is used to make meaning of the data, and how the data are manipulated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The key difference lies in the research questions: quantitative tests hypotheses, qualitative explores meaning.
The theorist associated with behavior modification is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. B.F. Skinner
- C. Albert Bandura
- D. Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning is the foundation of behavior modification techniques.
When some individuals develop feelings that their sense of gender is opposite to the biological sex they were born with, this is known as
- A. Gender disorder
- B. Cross gender disorder
- C. Gender incompatibility disorder
- D. Gender dysphoria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gender dysphoria is distress from a gender-sex mismatch (DSM-5).
How many exercises are generally practiced in Positive psychotherapy:
- A. 10
- B. 12
- C. 14
- D. 8
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Positive psychotherapy (Seligman) typically involves 14 exercises, like gratitude visits.