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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A preschooler who sees his or her parent dressed as Frankenstein will most likely
- A. Think it is funny.
- B. Recognize that it is the parent.
- C. Be frightened.
- D. Not be concerned one way or the other.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Piaget's preoperational stage, preschoolers struggle with distinguishing appearance from reality, so a parent in a scary costume is likely to frighten them.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development, at which stage would it be best to teach algebra?
- A. Formal operational
- B. Preoperational
- C. Sensorimotor
- D. Concrete operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The formal operational stage (12+ years) involves abstract thinking, making it ideal for teaching algebra, which requires symbolic reasoning.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Punishment and obedience orientation.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just to follow the rules but to feel good about motives.
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values moral and principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for authority.
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1) involves equating right with avoiding punishment.
Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)." Older adults experience a decline in long-term memory as a result of the normal aging process.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: False, Long-term memory is generally preserved in normal aging; short-term memory and processing speed are more affected.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Object permanence refers to the concept that
- A. People can go away and not be seen again.
- B. An object not in the child's sight still exists somewhere else.
- C. Actions have consequences.
- D. Fine motor skills develop after large motor skills.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Object permanence, developed in Piaget's sensorimotor stage, is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. The nurse knows that the infant responds to the environment through taste and touch. Which cognitive development stage is the infant using?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage (birth to about 2 years) is when infants learn about the world through sensory experiences like taste and touch.