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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. One of the most important health-care interventions for toddlers is
- A. Preventing diabetes.
- B. Preventing accidents.
- C. Establishing good bowel habits.
- D. Establishing good hygiene habits.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers (autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage) are mobile and curious, making accident prevention (e.g., childproofing) critical for their safety.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Generativity vs. stagnation
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Erikson's generativity vs. stagnation stage occurs from 40 to 65 years, focusing on contributing to society and future generations.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Integrity vs. despair
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 65+ years
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Erikson's integrity vs. despair stage occurs at 65+ years, where individuals reflect on their lives, achieving a sense of fulfillment or despair.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Question 52 is based on which of the following theories about child development?
- A. Erikson's stage of trust versus mistrust
- B. Kohlberg's stage of individualism and relativism
- C. Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development
- D. Fowler's intuitive projective stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The scenario in question 52 reflects Piaget's preoperational stage, where children have difficulty separating appearance from reality.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Social rules and legal orientation.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and fair helping others, not just to follow the rules, but to feel good rather about than motives what might be best,
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles,
- C. Child equates doing right equates with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment,
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good for laws for the greater good and because respect of respect for authority for authority, for laws,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, justice, justice
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group for the larger group.
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: In Kohlberg's postconventional level, social contract orientation (stage 5) involves valuing human rights and justice through flexible laws.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following theorists discussed cognitive development and how learning is developed?
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Jean Piaget
- C. Lawrence Kohlberg
- D. James Fowler
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children develop intellectual abilities through stages like sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.