Nokea
Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the PNS are called:
- A. ganglia
- B. tracts
- C. nerves
- D. nuclei
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Tracts and nuclei are terms used in the central nervous system (CNS), while nerves are bundles of axons. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
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The presence of ptosis suggests damage to cranial nerve:
- A. IV
- B. V
- C. III
- D. VII
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) is the correct answer because it innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which is responsible for elevating the eyelid. Damage to this nerve results in ptosis, or drooping of the eyelid, along with other symptoms such as diplopia and impaired eye movement.
Which of the following measures should be taken by the nurse to help relieve edema in a client with tissue injury?
- A. Massaging the swollen body part
- B. Taking a prescribed analgesic
- C. Applying a cold pack to the swollen body part
- D. Keeping the swollen body part above the level of the heart
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevating the affected area helps reduce edema by improving venous return.
Gaps in the myelin sheath are called _______.
- A. nodes of Ranvier
- B. the synapse
- C. axonal interstices
- D. myelinoids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon of a neuron. These gaps allow for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses through a process called saltatory conduction, where the action potential 'jumps' from one node to the next. This increases the speed and efficiency of neural communication. Nodes of Ranvier are essential for proper nerve function and are found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
During the acute stage of meningitis, a 3-year-old child is restless and irritable. Which of the following would be most appropriate to institute?
- A. Limiting conversation with the child
- B. Keeping extraneous noise to a minimum
- C. Allowing the child to play in the bathtub
- D. Performing treatments quickly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reducing extraneous noise and stimuli is crucial in managing a child with meningitis. The inflammation of the meninges increases sensitivity to light and sound, exacerbating irritability and restlessness. A calm, quiet environment helps minimize discomfort and supports recovery.
The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the _______.
- A. precentral gyrus
- B. postcentral gyrus
- C. central sulcus
- D. longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The longitudinal fissure is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres. It is a prominent anatomical feature that allows for the division of the brain into left and right hemispheres, each responsible for different functions.