Nokea
Concerning HCL secretion:
- A. it is secreted by chief cells.
- B. it is secreted by parietal cells.
- C. it is inhibited by gastrin secretion.
- D. it is inhibited by Ach secretion.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because HCl secretion is primarily carried out by parietal cells in the stomach lining. Parietal cells contain proton pumps that actively secrete HCl to aid in digestion. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, not HCl (A is incorrect). Gastrin actually stimulates HCl secretion, so it doesn't inhibit it (C is incorrect). Acetylcholine (Ach) is a neurotransmitter that can stimulate, not inhibit, HCl secretion (D is incorrect). Therefore, option B is the correct choice based on the roles of parietal cells in HCl secretion.
You may also like to solve these questions
The tunica muscularis in the superior esophagus is made up of ______ muscle.
- A. skeletal
- B. cardiac
- C. smooth
- D. smooth and skeletal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: skeletal muscle. The superior esophagus contains skeletal muscle in its tunica muscularis, allowing for voluntary control over swallowing. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, not in the esophagus. Smooth muscle is present in the lower esophagus for involuntary movements. Choice D is incorrect as the superior esophagus does not contain a mix of smooth and skeletal muscle.
After several days of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, an older hospitalized patient develops watery
- A. Which action should the nurse take first?
- B. Notify the health care provider.
- C. Obtain a stool specimen for analysis.
- D. Teach the patient about hand washing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should prioritize assessing the patient's condition to ensure immediate safety and appropriate intervention. This includes evaluating for signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and potential complications like Clostridium difficile infection. Option B is not the first action as immediate assessment is crucial. Option C is important but not the priority at this moment. Option D is important but should not be the first action in this scenario.
Relating to carbohydrate digestion:
- A. Cellulose can be digested by human amylases
- B. It occurs only if bile salts are present
- C. third of starch digestion occurs in the mouth and two-thirds occurs in the small gut
- D. It can only occur in the complete absence of protein digestion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because bile salts are essential for the digestion and absorption of fats, not carbohydrates. Cellulose cannot be digested by human amylases, making choice A incorrect. Starch digestion starts in the mouth with salivary amylase, not one-third in the mouth and two-thirds in the small gut, so choice C is incorrect. Carbohydrate digestion can occur simultaneously with protein digestion, so choice D is also incorrect. Bile salts aid in emulsifying fats, facilitating their digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
The processes of chewing are referred to as _____.
- A. churning
- B. mastication
- C. peristalsis
- D. deglutition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mastication. Mastication refers to the mechanical process of chewing food in the mouth using the teeth and jaws. This process breaks down food into smaller pieces, making it easier to swallow and digest. Churning (A) is the mixing of food with digestive enzymes in the stomach. Peristalsis (C) is the involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. Deglutition (D) is the process of swallowing food. Mastication is the most appropriate term for the process of chewing specifically.
Ondansetron (Zofran) is prescribed for a patient with cancer chemotherapy'“induced vomiting. What should the nurse understand about this drug?
- A. It is a derivative of cannabis and has a potential for abuse.
- B. It has a strong antihistamine effect that provides sedation and induces sleep.
- C. It is used only when other therapies are ineffective because of side effects of anxiety and hallucinations.
- D. It relieves vomiting centrally by action in the vomiting center and peripherally by promoting gastric emptying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ondansetron works centrally to block serotonin receptors in the vomiting center and peripherally by improving gastric motility.