Nokea
Pancreatitis is mainly the result of _____ activity.
- A. bile
- B. bacterial
- C. carboxypeptidase
- D. trypsin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatitis is mainly the result of trypsin activity. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion. When trypsin becomes activated within the pancreas itself, it can lead to the digestion of pancreatic tissue and cause inflammation, leading to pancreatitis. Bile (A) and bacterial (B) activities are not primary causes of pancreatitis. Carboxypeptidase (C) is another pancreatic enzyme, but its activity does not play a significant role in causing pancreatitis compared to trypsin.
You may also like to solve these questions
You are caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which task can be delegated to the experienced nursing assistant?
- A. Remove the NG tube per physician order.
- B. Secure the tape if the client accidentally dislodges the tube.
- C. Disconnect the suction to allow ambulation to the toilet.
- D. Reconnect the suction after the client has ambulated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Securing the tape is a non-invasive task within the scope of a nursing assistant. Removing or reconnecting requires nursing assessment and should be done by licensed staff.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? The protein FOXO1:
- A. activates (increases the expression of) genes related to greater longevity
- B. is activated by caloric restriction
- C. is deactivated by increased insulin signalling
- D. all of the above are true
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. FOXO1 activates genes related to greater longevity by regulating stress responses and promoting cell survival.
2. Caloric restriction activates FOXO1 to promote cellular stress resistance and increase lifespan.
3. Increased insulin signaling deactivates FOXO1, leading to decreased stress resistance and potentially shorter lifespan.
4. Therefore, all the statements (A, B, and C) are true regarding the protein FOXO1. It plays a crucial role in longevity through gene regulation, is activated by caloric restriction, and is deactivated by increased insulin signaling.
Which finding by the nurse during abdominal auscultation indicates a need for a focused abdominal assessment?
- A. Loud gurgles
- B. High-pitched gurgles
- C. Absent bowel sounds
- D. Frequent clicking sounds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, absent bowel sounds. Absence of bowel sounds may indicate a serious issue requiring further assessment. Normal bowel sounds include soft gurgles and clicks, so choices A, B, and D are variations of normal findings and do not necessarily indicate a need for further assessment. Absent bowel sounds could indicate bowel obstruction, peritonitis, or ischemia, warranting a focused abdominal assessment to determine the underlying cause.
The tunica muscularis in the superior esophagus is made up of ______ muscle.
- A. skeletal
- B. cardiac
- C. smooth
- D. smooth and skeletal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: skeletal muscle. The superior esophagus contains skeletal muscle in its tunica muscularis, allowing for voluntary control over swallowing. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, not in the esophagus. Smooth muscle is present in the lower esophagus for involuntary movements. Choice D is incorrect as the superior esophagus does not contain a mix of smooth and skeletal muscle.
In the colon, which is benign and has no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation?
- A. familial polyposis
- B. juvenile polyp
- C. villous adenoma
- D. carcinoid tumors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: juvenile polyp. Juvenile polyps are benign growths commonly found in the colon and rectum of children. They have no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation due to their non-neoplastic nature. They are typically small, solitary, and have a smooth surface. Familial polyposis (choice A) is a hereditary condition characterized by numerous polyps in the colon, which can progress to colorectal cancer. Villous adenomas (choice C) are precancerous lesions with a higher risk of malignant transformation. Carcinoid tumors (choice D) are neuroendocrine tumors that can be found in various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, and have the potential to be malignant.