Nokea
Ondansetron (Zofran) is prescribed for a patient with cancer chemotherapy'“induced vomiting. What should the nurse understand about this drug?
- A. It is a derivative of cannabis and has a potential for abuse.
- B. It has a strong antihistamine effect that provides sedation and induces sleep.
- C. It is used only when other therapies are ineffective because of side effects of anxiety and hallucinations.
- D. It relieves vomiting centrally by action in the vomiting center and peripherally by promoting gastric emptying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ondansetron works centrally to block serotonin receptors in the vomiting center and peripherally by improving gastric motility.
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The patient asks the nurse why she needs to have surgery for a femoral, strangulated herni What is the best explanation the nurse can give the patient?
- A. The surgery will relieve her constipation.
- B. The abnormal hernia must be replaced into the abdomen.
- C. The surgery is needed to allow intestinal flow and prevent necrosis.
- D. The hernia is because the umbilical opening did not close after birth as it should have.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgery for a strangulated hernia is needed to prevent the intestines from becoming necrotic due to impaired blood flow.
A nurse is interviewing a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate finding in the client's history?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Hypolipidemia
- C. COPD
- D. Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gallstones. Acute pancreatitis is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol consumption. Gallstones can block the pancreatic duct, leading to inflammation. Hypolipidemia, COPD, and diabetes mellitus are not directly associated with pancreatitis. This history finding helps the nurse identify the potential cause and plan appropriate care.
During a morning assessment, the nurse observes that a patient displays bulging flanks when supine with the knees flexeWhich action should the nurse take next?
- A. Measure the patient's abdominal girth.
- B. Auscultate each quadrant of the abdomen for 5 minutes.
- C. Document the finding.
- D. Notify the charge nurse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measure the patient's abdominal girth. Bulging flanks could indicate ascites, which is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Measuring the abdominal girth can help assess for the presence and severity of ascites. This step is important for further evaluation and monitoring of the patient's condition. Auscultating the abdomen for 5 minutes (choice B) would not address the potential underlying issue of ascites. Simply documenting the finding (choice C) without further assessment could delay necessary interventions. Notifying the charge nurse (choice D) is premature without completing a thorough assessment first.
Pancreatic exocrine secretion is stimulated by the following except:
- A. CCK
- B. Entropeptidase
- C. Vagal stimulation
- D. Presence of food in stomach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Entropeptidase. Pancreatic exocrine secretion is primarily stimulated by hormones like CCK and the presence of food in the stomach. Vagal stimulation can also trigger pancreatic secretion. However, enteropeptidase is an enzyme that activates trypsinogen to trypsin in the small intestine, not a direct stimulator of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Therefore, choice B is the exception among the given options.
How will an obstruction at the ampulla of Vater affect the digestion of all nutrients?
- A. Bile is responsible for emulsification of all nutrients and vitamins.
- B. Intestinal digestive enzymes are released through the ampulla of Vater.
- C. Both bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater.
- D. Gastric contents can only pass to the duodenum when the ampulla of Vater is open.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ampulla of Vater is the entry point for both bile and pancreatic enzymes essential for digesting all nutrients.