Nokea
Decision support systems often provide medication alerts that tell the prescriber:
- A. Patient history data with a summary of their diagnoses
- B. The usual dosage for the drug being prescribed
- C. The patient's latest laboratory values, such as potassium levels
- D. Potential drug-to-drug interactions with other medications the patient is taking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decision support systems primarily alert prescribers to drug-drug interactions.
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A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
The nurse is assessing a diabetic patient who has presented at the clinic reporting several hypoglycemic episodes during the past 3 weeks. The nurse questions the patient about the use of herbal or alternative therapies, suspecting what herbal remedy could cause the hypoglycemic episodes?
- A. St. John's wort
- B. Kava
- C. Fish oil
- D. Ginseng
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ginseng is known to decrease blood sugar levels. If the patient used this in combination with his or her oral antidiabetic agent, diet, and exercise, his or her blood sugar could drop below therapeutic levels. St. John's wort interacts with many drugs, but not with antidiabetic agents. Kava is associated with liver toxicity. Fish oil has been associated with decreased coronary artery disease.
The nurse, providing patient teaching about home medication use to an older adult, explains that even when drugs are taken properly they can produce negative or unexpected effects. What are these negative or unexpected effects called?
- A. Teratogenic effects
- B. Toxic effects
- C. Adverse effects
- D. Therapeutic effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Negative or unexpected effects are known as adverse or side effects. Teratogenic effects are adverse effects on the fetus and not a likely concern for an older adult. Toxic effects occur when medication is taken in larger than recommended dosages caused by an increase in serum drug levels. Therapeutic effects are the desired actions for which the medication is prescribed.
When providing drug therapy to a patient what is a responsibility of the nurse?
- A. Teaching the patient how to cope with the effects of the drug to ensure the best outcome
- B. Helping the patient analyze the physiological and pathological effects of drugs
- C. Warning the patient how most patients respond to the drug therapy
- D. Encouraging the patient to increase or decrease dosages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teaching patients how to manage drug effects promotes adherence and optimal outcomes, aligning with the nurse's educational role in drug therapy.
Which of the following statements about beta-blockers is false?
- A. Beta-blockers should be avoided with non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
- B. Beta-blockers increase renin secretion
- C. Non-selective beta-blockers are contraindicated in asthma
- D. Beta-blockers prolong the refractory period of the AV node
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease renin secretion by blocking beta-1 receptors in the kidney, making this statement false.