Nokea
What is a prodrug
- A. Drag which increases efficiency of another drug
- B. Metabolic end product
- C. Inactive drag which gets activated in the body
- D. Drag which competes with another for metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A prodrug is inactive until metabolized into an active form in the body.
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You are assigned to infuse 300 mL of a solution over 2 hours with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 25 gtt/min
- B. 37.5 gtt/min
- C. 45 gtt/min
- D. 75 gtt/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flow rate = (300 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (2 60) = 4,500 ÷ 120 = 37.5 gtt/min, exactly matching option B.
Which of the following sign/symptom would NOT be expected from organophosphate poisoning?
- A. Dry skin and mucous membranes
- B. Increased salivation
- C. Increased bowel sounds
- D. Urinary urgency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organophosphates cause wet symptoms (salivation, etc.); dry skin is typical of anticholinergics.
Which of the following measuring systems used in drug preparation and delivery uses the gram as the basic unit of solid measure?
- A. Metric system
- B. Apothecary system
- C. Household system
- D. Avoirdupois system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The metric system is the most widely used system of measurement and is based on the decimal system. The gram is the basic unit of solid measure and the liter is the basic unit of liquid measure. The apothecary system uses the grain as the basic unit of solid measure. The household system uses the pound as the basic unit of measure. The avoirdupois system uses ounces and grains but is mostly used by drug manufacturers for bulk medications.
All of the following adverse effects commonly occur in glucocorticoid therapy except:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Increased risk of infection
- C. Hypotension
- D. Emotional disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause hypertension, not hypotension, due to mineralocorticoid effects and fluid retention.
Monitoring a patient on a high-dose aspirin level includes:
- A. Salicylate level
- B. Complete blood count
- C. Urine pH
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-dose aspirin requires salicylate levels , CBC for bleeding, and urine pH for excretion monitoring.