Nokea
Despite good blood pressure control, an NP might change a patient's drug from an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) because the ARB:
- A. Is stronger than the ACE inhibitor
- B. Does not produce a dry, hacky cough
- C. Has no effect on the renal system
- D. Reduces sodium and water retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ARBs lack the cough side effect common with ACE inhibitors.
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Levetiracetam has known drug interactions with:
- A. Combined oral contraceptives
- B. Carbamazepine
- C. Warfarin
- D. Few, if any, drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Levetiracetam has minimal drug interactions due to its unique metabolism.
Which of the following patients would be at higher risk of experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs):
- A. A 32-year-old male
- B. A 22-year-old female
- C. A 3-month-old female
- D. A 48-year-old male
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants like a 3-month-old have immature organ systems, increasing ADR risk compared to healthy adults.
Which example best demonstrates safe drug administration by the nurse?
- A. Administering an oral medication with the patient sitting upright
- B. Asking children to say their name before administering the medication
- C. Leaving the medications on the bedside stand after verifying patient identification
- D. Returning the unused portion of a medication to a stock supply bottle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sitting the patient upright for oral medications is safe medication practice. Children should never be asked their names as a means of positive identification. Remaining with a patient until the drug is swallowed is safe practice. Returning an unused portion of medication to the stock supply bottle is not safe medication practice.
When a pharmacoeconomic analysis looks at two or more treatment alternatives that are considered equal in efficacy and compares the costs of each it is referred to as:
- A. Cost-minimization analysis
- B. Cost-of-illness analysis
- C. Cost-effectiveness analysis
- D. Cost-benefit analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cost-minimization analysis compares costs of equally effective treatments.
Which antiarrhythmic medication is primarily used for atrial fibrillation?
- A. Propranolol
- B. Amiodarone
- C. Digoxin
- D. Verapamil
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amiodarone is widely used for atrial fibrillation due to its broad-spectrum antiarrhythmic effects across multiple classes.