Nokea
Diseases that reduce pancreatic enzyme secretions do NOT usually decrease the digestion and absorption of:
- A. Animal proteins
- B. Plant proteins
- C. Plant lipids
- D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sucrose. Diseases that reduce pancreatic enzyme secretions typically do not affect the digestion and absorption of sucrose because sucrose is primarily broken down in the small intestine by sucrase, an enzyme produced by the intestinal lining, not the pancreas. Animal proteins (choice A) and plant proteins (choice B) require pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin for digestion; plant lipids (choice C) require pancreatic lipase for digestion. Therefore, choices A, B, and C would be affected by reduced pancreatic enzyme secretions, unlike sucrose.
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A nurse is giving a presentation to a group of colleagues about the prevention of hepatitis transmission. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse suggest a healthcare worker use when working in the hospital?
- A. Perform handwashing even after removing gloves
- B. Wear a gown only if body fluids may be splashed
- C. Receive hepatitis A vaccine regardless of risk
- D. Perform CPR without a pocket mask
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hand hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of hepatitis, as the virus can survive on surfaces and transfer through contact.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication via intramuscular (IM) injection. Which of the following sites is considered the safest for administering an IM injection?
- A. The dorsogluteal site
- B. The deltoid muscle
- C. The ventrogluteal site
- D. The vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is considered the safest for IM injections due to the presence of fewer major blood vessels and nerves, reducing the risk of injury. The site is easily accessible and has a thick muscle mass suitable for medication absorption. To locate the ventrogluteal site, the nurse can ask the patient to lie on their side with the knee slightly flexed. The nurse should locate the greater trochanter and iliac crest, forming a V-shaped area where the injection is administered. The other choices are not as safe as the ventrogluteal site. The dorsogluteal site is not recommended due to proximity to the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels. The deltoid muscle is a smaller muscle and may not be suitable for all types of medications. The vastus lateralis site is more commonly used for pediatric patients or adults with limited muscle mass in other areas.
The colonic microflora can be considered as 'an organ within an organ'. Which of the following statements best describes the functions of the microbiota?
- A. Measurement of daily dietary fibre intake underestimates the amount of fermentable material entering the colon each day
- B. All of the options given are correct
- C. Acetate, propionate and butyrate are the chief organic acids produced by anaerobic colic fermentation
- D. The establishment of an 'acetate buffer' in the colonic lumen suppresses the growth of some pathogenic bacteria.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the colonic microbiota performs multiple essential functions such as aiding in digestion, producing vitamins, regulating immune function, and maintaining gut barrier integrity. Option A is incorrect as it focuses on dietary fiber intake rather than the microbiota's functions. Option C is incorrect because while acetate, propionate, and butyrate are important organic acids produced, they are not the only ones. Option D is incorrect as the microbiota's establishment of an 'acetate buffer' does not necessarily suppress the growth of all pathogenic bacteria.
Which type of cells produce insulin in the pancreas?
- A. acinar cells
- B. duct cells
- C. alpha cells
- D. beta cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: beta cells. Beta cells are the specific type of cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin. They are located in the islets of Langerhans and play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Acinar cells (A) are responsible for producing digestive enzymes, duct cells (B) are involved in transporting pancreatic enzymes, and alpha cells (C) produce glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin in regulating blood sugar. Therefore, the correct choice is beta cells as they are the primary insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
A nurse is teaching a client how to do fecal occult blood testing. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will continue my low-dose aspirin therapy regimen.'
- B. I will refrain from eating raw fruits and vegetables.'
- C. I will avoid steak and other red meats.'
- D. I will continue taking my Coumadin as prescribed.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Low-dose aspirin can cause false positive results in fecal occult blood testing due to its effect on gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, the client should inform the healthcare provider and consider stopping or adjusting the aspirin therapy during the testing period.
B: Refraining from raw fruits and vegetables is correct as they can interfere with the test results.
C: Avoiding red meats is correct as they can also affect the test results.
D: Continuing Coumadin as prescribed is correct as it does not interfere with fecal occult blood testing.