Nokea
Drug efficacy' refers to..
- A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial
- B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug
- C. The therapeutic dose range of the drug
- D. The therapeutic index of the drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy is defined as the maximum effect a drug can produce, per pharmacological principles.
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Which source contains information specific to nutritional supplements?
- A. USP Dictionary of USAN & International Drug Names
- B. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database
- C. United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary (USP NF)
- D. Drug Interaction Facts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary contains information specific to nutritional supplements. USP Dictionary of USAN & International Drug Names is a compilation of drug names, pronunciation guide, and possible future FDA approved drugs; it does not include nutritional supplements. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database contains evidence-based information on herbal medicines and herbal combination products; it does not include information specific to nutritional supplements. Drug Interaction Facts contains comprehensive information on drug interaction facts; it does not include nutritional supplements.
A nurse is assessing a client and notes that the client has developed swelling of the eyelids and lips after administration of a prescribed medication. The nurse interprets this finding as specifically indicating which of the following?
- A. Mild allergic reaction
- B. Anaphylactic shock
- C. Angioedema
- D. Drug idiosyncrasy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angioedema is a type of allergic drug reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in the subcutaneous tissues, most commonly affecting the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat. Allergic reactions can be manifested by a wide range of signs and symptoms such as itching, rashes, and hives. Anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Drug idiosyncrasy describes any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug, one that is different from the one normally expected.
Cecil and his wife are traveling to Southeast Asia on vacation and he has come into the clinic to review his medications. He is healthy with only mild hypertension that is well controlled. He asks about getting 'a shot' to prevent blood clots like his friend Ralph did before international travel. The correct response would be:
- A. Administer one dose of low-molecular weight heparin 24 hours before travel
- B. Prescribe one dose of warfarin to be taken the day of travel
- C. Consult with a hematologist regarding a treatment plan for Cecil
- D. Explain that Cecil is not at high risk of a blood clot and provide education about how to prevent blood clots while traveling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cecil's low risk doesn't warrant prophylaxis; education on hydration and movement suffices. Heparin or warfarin is overkill without indication.
Tom is taking lithium for bipolar disorder. He should be taught to:
- A. Take his lithium with food
- B. Eat a diet with consistent levels of salt (sodium)
- C. Drink at least 2 quarts of water if he is in a hot environment
- D. Monitor blood glucose levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consistent sodium intake prevents fluctuations in lithium levels.
Beta-blockers decrease triglyceride levels and increase levels of HDL cholesterol.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers typically increase triglycerides and decrease HDL cholesterol, opposite to the statement.