Nokea
Drug studies generally base the recommended adult dose of a drug needed to reach a critical concentration on what measure?
- A. A 60-year-old man
- B. An average-sized woman
- C. A 150-pound adult male
- D. An obese adult
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drug dosages are often standardized based on a 150-pound adult male as a common reference in pharmacological studies.
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Isotonic normal saline (0.9%) solution is LEAST indicated in which one of the following conditions?
- A. Vomiting
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Body wide sodium depletion (e.g. DKA)
- D. Volume overload (e.g. liver disease)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal saline worsens volume overload in conditions like liver disease due to sodium retention.
Beta blockers have favorable effects on survival and disease progression in heart failure. Treatment should be initiated when the:
- A. Symptoms are severe
- B. Patient has not responded to other therapies
- C. Patient has concurrent hypertension
- D. Left ventricular dysfunction is diagnosed
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta blockers are initiated upon diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction to improve outcomes.
symptomatic and metabolic improvement. Until that time, which of the following might be administered adjunctively to suppress glucocorticoid synthesis?
- A. Cimetidine
- B. Cortisol (massive doses)
- C. Fludrocortisone
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ketoconazole inhibits glucocorticoid synthesis by blocking adrenal steroidogenesis, useful in Cushing's syndrome management.
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit administers a hypnotic medication to an older adult client at 2100 . The next morning, the client is drowsy and wants to sleep instead of eating breakfast. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a possible reason for the client's drowsiness?
- A. Reduced cardiac function
- B. First pass effect
- C. Reduced hepatic function
- D. Increased gastric motility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced hepatic function in older adults slows metabolism of hypnotics, prolonging drowsiness.
Choose a drug that is used for both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis:
- A. Doxorubicin
- B. Vincristine
- C. Infliximab
- D. Rituximab
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rituximab targets CD20 in lymphoma and is also used in rheumatoid arthritis.