Disorders of the Genitourinary System

Disorders of the Genitourinary System Related

Review Disorders of the Genitourinary System related questions and content

During a vaginal examination of a 38-year-old woman, the nurse notices that the vulva and vagina are erythematous and edematous with thick, white, curdlike discharge adhering to the vaginal walls. The woman reports intense pruritus and thick white discharge from her vagina. The nurse knows that these history and physical examination findings are most consistent with which condition?

  • A. Candidiasis
  • B. Trichomoniasis
  • C. Atrophic vaginitis
  • D. Bacterial vaginosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: The key clues in the question are thick, white, curdlike discharge, intense pruritus, erythematous, and edematous vulva and vagina.
Step 2: These symptoms are classic for candidiasis, a fungal infection caused by Candida species.
Step 3: Candidiasis commonly presents with thick, white discharge, itching, and inflamed vaginal tissues.
Step 4: Trichomoniasis (choice B) typically presents with frothy, greenish-yellow discharge and vaginal itching.
Step 5: Atrophic vaginitis (choice C) is more common in postmenopausal women and presents with thin, watery discharge and vaginal dryness.
Step 6: Bacterial vaginosis (choice D) presents with thin, grayish-white discharge and a fishy odor.
Step 7: Therefore, based on the symptoms described in the question, the correct answer is A: Candidiasis.

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How would you instruct the client to obtain a clean-catch midstream urine specimen?

  • A. Increase fluid intake.
  • B. Refrain from taking nephrotoxic drugs.
  • C. Take sedative medications.
  • D. Maintain limited physical activity.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choosing option D:
1. Instruct the client to maintain limited physical activity to prevent contamination of the urine sample.
2. Physical activity can introduce bacteria from sweat or skin into the specimen, leading to inaccurate results.
3. By limiting physical activity, the client can ensure a clean-catch midstream urine sample for accurate testing.
4. Increasing fluid intake (option A), refraining from nephrotoxic drugs (option B), and taking sedative medications (option C) are not directly related to obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen.

Which of the following drug used in the treatment of filariasis? *

  • A. Diethyl carbamazine
  • B. Albendazole
  • C. Levamisole
  • D. Piperazine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diethyl carbamazine is the correct answer for the treatment of filariasis as it is the drug of choice due to its effectiveness in killing microfilariae and adult worms. Diethyl carbamazine directly targets the parasites responsible for filariasis, leading to their death and eventual elimination from the body. Albendazole, Levamisole, and Piperazine are not commonly used for filariasis treatment and are more commonly used for other parasitic infections. Albendazole is more commonly used for helminthic infections, Levamisole for roundworm infections, and Piperazine for pinworm infections.

Carol Carson was taught self breast examination (SBE) during her last hospitalization and tells you that she has been doing the examination every month without difficulty. Which statement by Mrs. Carson would indicate to you that she does NOT have a complete understanding of the self breast examination technique?

  • A. I do the examination every month a few days after my period.
  • B. I use my fingertips to examine all of the breast tissues.
  • C. I begin the examination by inspecting my breasts with hands at my side.
  • D. I especially check the upper, outer quadrants and under my arms.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mrs. Carson's statement indicates a lack of understanding because she mentions beginning the examination by inspecting her breasts with hands at her side. The correct technique for self breast examination (SBE) involves inspecting the breasts visually in front of a mirror with hands on hips or raised above the head. This position allows for better visualization and palpation of the breast tissue. Starting the examination with hands at the sides may result in missing important areas for inspection. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they all align with proper SBE techniques such as timing the examination, using fingertips to examine all breast tissues, and focusing on specific areas like the upper, outer quadrants, and underarms.

The mother of a 10-year-old boy asks the nurse to discuss the recognition of puberty. The nurse should reply by saying:

  • A. Puberty usually begins around 15 years of ag
  • C. The first sign of puberty is an enlargement of the testes.
  • D. The penis size does not increase until about 16 years of ag
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the first sign of puberty in boys is typically an enlargement of the testes due to increased testosterone production. This occurs around age 10-14. Choice A is incorrect as puberty usually begins around 10-14 years of age. Choice D is incorrect as penis growth usually starts during puberty, not at 16.

A 25-year-old woman is concerned about the possibility of an STI. The nurse asks about her sexual history and recommends that she be tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following STIs can be detected through a Pap smear?

  • A. Chlamydia.
  • B. Gonorrhea.
  • C. Trichomoniasis.
  • D. HPV.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trichomoniasis. A Pap smear can detect abnormal changes in the cervix caused by Trichomoniasis, which is a common STI. The test can identify the presence of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The other choices, A: Chlamydia, B: Gonorrhea, and D: HPV, cannot be detected through a Pap smear as they require specific tests such as urine tests, swab tests, or blood tests. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are bacterial infections, while HPV is a viral infection that can lead to cervical cancer but is not detectable through a Pap smear alone.

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