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During an IVF cycle, a patient asks about embryo transfer timing. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Embryos are always transferred on the day of fertilization.
- B. Embryo transfer typically occurs 3 to 5 days after fertilization.
- C. Timing depends on uterine size, not embryo development.
- D. Transfer is done after pregnancy is confirmed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Embryo transfer typically occurs 3 to 5 days after fertilization. This timing aligns with the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage, which is crucial for successful implantation in the uterus. By waiting until this stage, the chances of a successful pregnancy are increased. Choice A is incorrect because embryos do not reach the blastocyst stage on the day of fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as embryo development stage is a key factor in determining the timing of transfer. Choice D is incorrect as waiting until pregnancy is confirmed would delay the transfer unnecessarily.
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What is a typical characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affecting fertility?
- A. Regular ovulation.
- B. Increased androgen levels.
- C. Reduced ovarian size.
- D. High levels of estrogen throughout the cycle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased androgen levels. In PCOS, there is often an imbalance in hormone levels, including increased androgens like testosterone. This can disrupt normal ovulation and affect fertility. Regular ovulation (choice A) is typically not seen in PCOS. Reduced ovarian size (choice C) is not a typical characteristic, as ovaries can actually be enlarged in PCOS due to multiple small cysts. High levels of estrogen throughout the cycle (choice D) is not a defining feature of PCOS, as estrogen levels can vary in affected individuals. Ultimately, the increased androgen levels in PCOS are a key factor contributing to fertility issues in affected individuals.
What is the purpose of progesterone supplementation after embryo transfer in IVF?
- A. To induce ovulation for the next cycle.
- B. To support the uterine lining and enhance implantation success.
- C. To suppress natural hormone levels for better control.
- D. To eliminate the risk of multiple pregnancies.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To support the uterine lining and enhance implantation success. Progesterone supplementation is crucial after embryo transfer in IVF because it helps prepare the uterine lining for implantation and provides hormonal support to maintain a pregnancy. Progesterone is essential for the embryo to implant and for the early stages of pregnancy to progress. Therefore, the purpose of progesterone supplementation is to enhance the chances of successful implantation and support early pregnancy development.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: To induce ovulation for the next cycle - Progesterone supplementation is not used to induce ovulation after embryo transfer in IVF. Ovulation should have already occurred before the embryo transfer.
C: To suppress natural hormone levels for better control - Progesterone supplementation is not used to suppress hormone levels but rather to support hormonal balance during the implantation phase.
D: To eliminate the risk of multiple pregnancies - Progesterone
During fertility counseling, a patient asks about the impact of age on female fertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Female fertility remains constant until menopause.
- B. Fertility begins to decline significantly after age 35.
- C. Age only affects fertility if other health issues are present.
- D. Fertility is unaffected by age until the age of 50.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fertility significantly declines after age 35 due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of eggs. As women age, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in eggs increases, impacting fertility. Other choices are incorrect because fertility does not remain constant until menopause (A), age affects fertility regardless of other health issues (C), and fertility starts declining well before the age of 50 (D).
A nurse is explaining the role of intrauterine insemination (IUI). What should the nurse include?
- A. IUI involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus.
- B. IUI is used to treat structural abnormalities in the uterus.
- C. IUI guarantees fertilization of the egg.
- D. IUI eliminates the need for ovulation tracking.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus, increasing the chances of fertilization. This method bypasses potential obstacles in the reproductive tract, aiding sperm in reaching the egg. Choice B is incorrect because IUI is not primarily used to treat structural abnormalities in the uterus but rather to facilitate fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as IUI does not guarantee fertilization since other factors can still affect the success of conception. Choice D is incorrect because ovulation tracking is still important in IUI to ensure optimal timing for the procedure.
During a genetic evaluation, it is discovered that the woman is carrying one autosomal dominant gene for a serious late adult–onset disease, while her partner's history is unremarkable. Based on this information, which of the following family members should be considered high risk and in need of genetic counseling? Select all that apply.
- A. The woman's fetus.
- B. The woman's sisters.
- C. The woman's brothers.
- D. The woman's parents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: All first-degree relatives and offspring are at risk for inheriting the gene.