Nokea
During assessment of the patient with acromegaly, what should the nurse expect the patient to report?
- A. Infertility
- B. Dry, irritated skin
- C. Undesirable changes in appearance
- D. An increase in height of 2 to 3 inches a year
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with acromegaly commonly report undesirable changes in appearance due to facial and extremity enlargement.
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Which of the following is NOT true of parathyroid hormone action?
- A. Releases calcium from bone to raise blood calcium levels.
- B. Decreases blood calcium levels.
- C. Promotes reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys to raise blood calcium levels.
- D. Activates Vitamin D to increase calcium absorption from nutrients in the intestines.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because parathyroid hormone (PTH) actually increases blood calcium levels. PTH achieves this by releasing calcium from bone (A), promoting reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys (C), and activating Vitamin D for increased calcium absorption in the intestines (D). By decreasing blood calcium levels, it would go against the primary function of PTH. This choice is incorrect as PTH is known for its role in increasing blood calcium levels through the mentioned mechanisms.
In evaluating the effectiveness of a new insulin dosage for a diabetic patient, the nurse would
- A. check the urine for sugar and acetone
- B. collect a 24-hour urine specimen for acetone determination
- C. weigh the patient daily
- D. rotate the site of injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking urine for sugar and acetone provides a quick measure of whether the insulin dosage is adequate in controlling blood glucose levels.
Most of the endocrine system is regulated by:
- A. negative feedback mechanisms.
- B. positive feedback mechanisms.
- C. hormone-receptor complexes.
- D. hormone-gene complexes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: negative feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback mechanisms are essential in regulating hormone levels within a narrow range to maintain homeostasis. When hormone levels rise, negative feedback mechanisms signal the body to decrease production, and vice versa. Positive feedback mechanisms amplify hormone production, not regulate it. Hormone-receptor complexes and hormone-gene complexes are important for hormone actions but do not regulate the overall endocrine system.
Most hormones of the endocrine system are regulated by a:
- A. Negative feedback mechanism.
- B. Positive feedback mechanism.
- C. Hormone-receptor complex.
- D. Hormone-gene complex.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Negative feedback mechanism. This is because most hormones in the endocrine system are regulated by a negative feedback loop, where the release of a hormone is inhibited once a certain level of that hormone is reached in the body. This helps maintain homeostasis.
Incorrect choices:
B: Positive feedback mechanism - This is less common in hormone regulation as it leads to amplification of a response rather than maintaining balance.
C: Hormone-receptor complex - While hormones bind to receptors to exert their effects, this is not the primary mechanism of hormone regulation.
D: Hormone-gene complex - While hormones can affect gene expression, this is not the primary mechanism of hormone regulation in the endocrine system.
Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.
- A. entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
- B. finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity
- C. stimulating the synthesis of a glycogen
- D. increasing blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules that can pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors in the nucleus. This binding activates or inhibits gene transcription, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cellular responses. Choice B is incorrect because cAMP activity is typically associated with peptide hormones, not steroid hormones. Choice C is incorrect because steroid hormones do not stimulate glycogen synthesis. Choice D is incorrect because steroid hormones do not directly affect blood pressure regulation.