Nokea
The inferior suprarenal artery arises from which of the following?
- A. Abdominal aorta
- B. Renal artery
- C. Inferior phrenic artery
- D. Splenic artery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Renal artery. The inferior suprarenal artery arises from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the adrenal gland. This is anatomically accurate as the adrenal gland is located superior to the kidneys. The other choices (A: Abdominal aorta, C: Inferior phrenic artery, D: Splenic artery) do not supply blood directly to the adrenal gland. The abdominal aorta gives rise to the renal artery, the inferior phrenic artery supplies blood to the diaphragm, and the splenic artery provides blood to the spleen. Therefore, they are not the correct origin of the inferior suprarenal artery.
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In a patient with an elevated serum cortisol, what would the nurse expect other laboratory findings to reveal?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Decreased serum triglycerides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated cortisol levels can lead to hypokalemia, as cortisol influences the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.
A client, age 64, has complaints of frequent spells of fatigue and inability to sleep. She also reports hair loss and an allergy to seafood. Which of the following information is essential to consider before initiating a thyroid test for the client?
- A. Her age
- B. Complaints of fatigue and inability to sleep
- C. Allergy to seafood
- D. Hair loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An allergy to seafood may indicate a potential iodine sensitivity, which is relevant when interpreting thyroid test results, as iodine is a key component in thyroid function.
The adrenal medulla:
- A. is an extension of the “feed-and-breed†division of the autonomic nervous system.
- B. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- C. secretes steroids.
- D. causes Cushing syndrome when it is overactive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are hormones involved in the body's response to stress or danger. These hormones help increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because:
A: The adrenal medulla is actually part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, not the "feed-and-breed" division.
C: Steroids are produced by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla.
D: Cushing syndrome is caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla.
A floor nurse pages you about a patient who is having chest pain. You order an electrocardiogram and rush to see the patient. He describes the pain as tight pressure and is demonstrably sweating and gasping for air. The ECG comes back with acute ST-segment elevations in inferior leads, and you diagnose a myocardial infarction. You start giving the patient oxygen and give him sublingual nitroglycerin and morphine for pain. You also give him another medication, which you have read may prolong his survival in this situation. What class of medication is it?
- A. β-Blocker
- B. α-Agonist
- C. Muscarinic agonist
- D. Neuromuscular blocker
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: β-Blocker. β-Blockers are indicated in the management of myocardial infarction as they help reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility. This results in less strain on the heart muscle and can improve survival outcomes. Additionally, β-blockers can prevent arrhythmias and reduce the risk of recurrent infarction. In this scenario, where the patient is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevations, the use of a β-blocker is crucial in managing the condition and improving the patient's prognosis.
Summary of other choices:
B: α-Agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.
C: Muscarinic agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.
D: Neuromuscular blocker - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.
Which of the following is a symptom of Addison’s disease?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hyperpigmentation
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyperpigmentation. Addison's disease is a condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone. Hyperpigmentation is a common symptom due to elevated levels of ACTH stimulating melanin production. Other choices are incorrect because Addison's disease typically presents with hypotension, weight loss, and bradycardia, rather than hypertension, weight gain, or tachycardia.