Nokea
Enzymes are typically...
- A. Fats
- B. Proteins
- C. Sugars
- D. Neurons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes are typically proteins, not fats, sugars, or neurons. Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids and are the most common type of enzymes. Enzymes play a crucial role in catalyzing biochemical reactions in living organisms by speeding up these reactions without being consumed in the process.
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Based on the information provided, what would be the phenotype if the offspring is Bb?
- A. Black
- B. Black and tan
- C. Tan
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In genetics, when the offspring is Bb, it represents a heterozygous genotype with 'B' denoting black color. In this scenario, 'black' would be the phenotype displayed by the offspring. The dominant allele 'B' for black color would mask the recessive allele 'b,' resulting in the expression of the black phenotype.
What must any solution injected into tissues be to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling?
- A. Distilled.
- B. Hypertonic.
- C. Hypotonic.
- D. Isotonic.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Isotonic. An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cells in the tissues, preventing them from shrinking or swelling. If a solution is hypertonic (choice B), it has a higher solute concentration and would cause cells to shrink due to water leaving the cells. A hypotonic solution (choice C) has a lower solute concentration and would cause cells to swell as water enters the cells. Distilled water (choice A) lacks solutes and would cause cells to swell. Overall, an isotonic solution maintains cell volume and prevents any osmotic imbalances.
What organisms cannot produce energy without oxygen?
- A. Obligate anaerobes.
- B. Strict aerobes.
- C. Facultative aerobes.
- D. Facultative anaerobes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Strict aerobes
Rationale:
1. Strict aerobes require oxygen for energy production through aerobic respiration.
2. Without oxygen, strict aerobes cannot generate energy efficiently.
3. Obligate anaerobes (A) do not require oxygen and can produce energy through anaerobic respiration.
4. Facultative aerobes (C) can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on oxygen availability.
5. Facultative anaerobes (D) can generate energy through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, depending on the environment.
Summary:
Strict aerobes are organisms that solely rely on oxygen for energy production. Other choices (A, C, D) can adapt their energy production methods based on oxygen availability.
Which genetic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?
- A. Phenotype
- B. Genotype
- C. Homozygote
- D. Karyotype
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, including physical appearance, behavior, and physiological properties. It is influenced by the organism's genotype and environmental factors. Genotype, on the other hand, represents the genetic makeup of an organism, while homozygote refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene. Karyotype, on the other hand, refers to the complete set of chromosomes in an individual.
What cellular appendage enables cells to move through their environments?
- A. Flagellum
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Transport protein
- D. Receptor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The flagellum is a whip-like appendage found in certain cells like sperm cells and some bacteria, enabling them to move through their environments. It plays a crucial role in locomotion by allowing cells to swim or propel themselves in liquids, aiding in their movement and navigation.