Nokea
Epinephrine (adrenaline) increases blood glucose by:
- A. increasing transport of glucose into the cell.
- B. stimulating gluconeogenesis.
- C. stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose.
- D. converting fatty acids into glucose.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because epinephrine stimulates the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose. This process, called glycogenolysis, releases stored glucose from the liver into the bloodstream, increasing blood glucose levels. Choice A is incorrect because epinephrine does not directly increase glucose transport into cells. Choice B is incorrect as gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of new glucose, not the release of stored glucose. Choice D is incorrect because fatty acids are not directly converted into glucose by epinephrine.
You may also like to solve these questions
The islets of Langerhans:
- A. are cells found in the adenohypophysis.
- B. secrete insulin and glucagon.
- C. secrete steroids.
- D. secrete releasing hormones.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas.
Step 2: These cells secrete insulin to lower blood sugar levels and glucagon to raise blood sugar levels.
Step 3: Therefore, choice B is correct as it accurately describes the function of the islets of Langerhans.
Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as islets of Langerhans are not found in the adenohypophysis, do not secrete steroids, and do not secrete releasing hormones.
A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased ACTH. The most likely cause of her symptoms is
- A. primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease)
- B. pheochromocytoma
- C. primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease)
- D. treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease). In this case, the symptoms match those of Cushing syndrome, which is characterized by excess cortisol production. The increased ACTH levels are indicative of the pituitary gland overproducing ACTH, leading to excess cortisol. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not match the symptoms presented. Choice D is incorrect because exogenous glucocorticoids would not lead to increased ACTH levels.
Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
- A. Androgens
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Androgens. Androgens, such as testosterone, are responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth. Follicle-stimulating hormone (B) is involved in sperm production, not male secondary sexual characteristics. Epinephrine (C) and norepinephrine (D) are stress hormones and not related to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
Melatonin from the pineal gland regulates ____.
- A. sleep-wake cycles.
- B. water balance.
- C. sexual development.
- D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Both A and C. Melatonin from the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles (A) by influencing the body's internal clock. It also plays a role in sexual development (C) by influencing the release of reproductive hormones. Other choices, B (water balance), are regulated by hormones like ADH and aldosterone, not melatonin. The correct answer encompasses the functions of melatonin in both sleep regulation and sexual development.
The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the _______.
- A. nervous system
- B. immune system
- C. circulatory system
- D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: nervous system. The endocrine system regulates processes through hormones, while the nervous system controls body functions through electrical impulses. Both systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The other choices are incorrect because the immune system focuses on defense against pathogens, the circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen, and the respiratory system facilitates gas exchange. Only the nervous system aligns with regulating body functions alongside the endocrine system.