Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions

Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions Related

Review Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions related questions and content

We want to prescribe scopolamine, as a transdermal drug delivery system (skin patch), for a patient who will be leaving for an expensive cruise and is very susceptible to motion sickness. For which of the following co-morbidities is scopolamine contraindicated?

  • A. Angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. History of shellfish allergies
  • D. Resting blood pressure of 112/70
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma. Scopolamine, an anticholinergic medication, can worsen angle-closure glaucoma by causing pupil dilation leading to increased intraocular pressure. This can result in a sudden and severe increase in eye pressure, leading to potential vision loss. Therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma.

B: Bradycardia is not a contraindication for scopolamine use as it may actually help in treating motion sickness.

C: History of shellfish allergies is not a contraindication for scopolamine as the medication is not derived from shellfish and is safe for patients with this allergy.

D: Resting blood pressure of 112/70 is not a contraindication for scopolamine use as it falls within the normal range and should not pose any significant risk.

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Which of the following is NOT true of aldosterone?

  • A. Targets kidney tubules to absorb sodium and water and to excrete potassium.
  • B. It is a mineralocorticoid.
  • C. Causes a decrease in urine volume.
  • D. It causes a decrease in blood pressure.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because aldosterone actually causes an increase in blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention in the kidneys. This leads to an expansion of blood volume and subsequently an increase in blood pressure. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because aldosterone does indeed target kidney tubules to absorb sodium and water, it is a mineralocorticoid hormone, and it causes a decrease in urine volume due to its role in water and sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Which of the following drugs is expected to cause anticholinergic adverse effects:

  • A. Codeine
  • B. Ciprofloxacin
  • C. Amitriptyline
  • D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, causing dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention. Anticholinergic effects result from blocking the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. Codeine (A) is an opioid, Ciprofloxacin (B) is an antibiotic, and Propranolol (D) is a beta-blocker, none of which are expected to cause significant anticholinergic effects.

Like the small intestine, the large intestine has villi to aid absorption?

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. The large intestine does not have villi like the small intestine. Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, and does not have villi. Other choices are incorrect because the large intestine does not have villi and does not aid in absorption like the small intestine.

The patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in the clinic to check his long-term glycemic control. Which test should be used?

  • A. Water deprivation test
  • B. Fasting blood glucose test
  • C. Oral glucose tolerance test
  • D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The A1C test measures long-term glycemic control and is the most appropriate test for monitoring type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Alcohol suppresses the secretion of ______ and thus _______ the reabsorption of water from the kidneys.

  • A. ADH: decreases
  • B. ADH: increases
  • C. aldosterone: decreases
  • D. aldosterone: increases
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Alcohol suppresses the secretion of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which leads to a decrease in the reabsorption of water from the kidneys. ADH is responsible for increasing water reabsorption, so suppressing it results in more water being excreted. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because alcohol does not affect aldosterone secretion, and aldosterone primarily regulates sodium reabsorption rather than water reabsorption. ADH is the hormone directly involved in water reabsorption in the kidneys, making choice A the correct answer.

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