Nokea
Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone (GH) after body growth is completed results in .
- A. kidney failure
- B. tetany
- C. gigantism
- D. acromegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: acromegaly. After body growth is completed, excess GH production can lead to acromegaly, a condition characterized by the enlargement of bones and tissues. This occurs because GH continues to stimulate bone and tissue growth. Kidney failure (A) is not directly related to excess GH production. Tetany (B) is caused by low calcium levels, not excess GH. Gigantism (C) occurs when excess GH is produced during the growth years, leading to abnormal height, not after growth is completed. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly correlates with the scenario provided.
You may also like to solve these questions
Hormones produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary include:
- A. ADH and aldosterone
- B. ADH and oxytocin
- C. oxytocin and prolactin
- D. cortisol and aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: The hormones produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary are ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin.
Step 2: ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Step 3: Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Step 4: Therefore, choice B (ADH and oxytocin) is correct.
Summary:
- Choice A (ADH and aldosterone) is incorrect because aldosterone is produced by the adrenal glands, not the posterior pituitary.
- Choice C (oxytocin and prolactin) is incorrect because prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary.
- Choice D (cortisol and aldosterone) is incorrect because cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, not the posterior pituitary.
Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?
- A. a change in membrane potential
- B. the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis
- C. an increase in enzymatic activity
- D. direct control of the nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: direct control of the nervous system. Hormonal stimuli typically target specific cells or tissues to elicit a response, such as changes in membrane potential, genetic events leading to protein synthesis, or an increase in enzymatic activity. Hormones do not directly control the nervous system, as the nervous system operates independently and responds to its own set of stimuli. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not align with the typical effects of hormonal stimulation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are all changes that can be caused by hormonal stimuli.
Which gland is considered the most influential endocrine gland?
- A. Pineal gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Thyroid gland
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is considered the most influential endocrine gland because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands by secreting various hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism, and other bodily functions. It is often referred to as the "master gland" due to its crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance and homeostasis in the body.
Rationale:
A: Pineal gland - The pineal gland primarily regulates the sleep-wake cycle through the secretion of melatonin and is not as influential in overall endocrine function as the pituitary gland.
C: Thyroid gland - The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones, but it does not have the same level of control over other endocrine glands as the pituitary gland.
D: Adrenal gland - The adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are important for stress response and metabolism, but it does not have the same regulatory influence over other
Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT __________.
- A. damage to the pineal gland
- B. after neurosurgery
- C. after general anesthesia
- D. ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: damage to the pineal gland. The pineal gland does not regulate ADH secretion; it primarily produces melatonin. Neurosurgery and general anesthesia may disrupt the feedback mechanisms controlling ADH release. Ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer can lead to excessive ADH production. The key is to identify a situation where ADH hypersecretion is less likely to occur due to the gland's function.
Atropine is used in the treatment of:
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Glaucoma
- C. Intestinal colic
- D. Enlarged prostate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atropine is used in the treatment of intestinal colic due to its ability to relax smooth muscles, including those in the gastrointestinal tract. It helps relieve spasms and pain associated with intestinal colic. Tachycardia is usually treated with beta-blockers, not atropine. Glaucoma is treated with medications that reduce intraocular pressure, not atropine. Enlarged prostate is typically managed with medications that target prostate enlargement, not atropine. Therefore, the correct choice is C: Intestinal colic.