Nokea
Family members are caring for a patient with HIV in the patients home. What should the nurse encourage family members to do to reduce the risk of infection transmission?
- A. Use caution when shaving the patient.
- B. Use separate dishes for the patient.
- C. Use separate bed linens for the patient.
- D. Disinfect the patients bedclothes regularly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caution during shaving prevents exposure to HIV via blood. Separate dishes, linens, or disinfection are unnecessary unless blood contamination occurs.
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An immunosuppressed patient is receiving chemotherapy treatment at home. What infection-control measure should the nurse recommend to the family?
- A. Family members should avoid receiving vaccinations until the patient has recovered from his or her illness.
- B. Wipe down hard surfaces with a dilute bleach solution once per day.
- C. Maintain cleanliness in the home, but recognize that the home does not need to be sterile.
- D. Avoid physical contact with the patient unless absolutely necessary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A clean but non-sterile home environment is sufficient for immunosuppressed patients, as intrinsic bacteria pose greater risks than environmental ones. Avoiding vaccinations or contact is unnecessary, and daily bleach cleaning is excessive.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What infection control measure has the greatest potential to reduce transmission of MRSA and other nosocomial pathogens in a health care setting?
- A. Using antibacterial soap when bathing patients with MRSA
- B. Conducting culture surveys on a regularly scheduled basis
- C. Performing hand hygiene before and after contact with every patient
- D. Using aseptic housekeeping practices for environmental cleaning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to prevent MRSA and nosocomial pathogen transmission. Antibacterial soap, culture surveys, and housekeeping are less impactful.
The nurse is providing care for an older adult patient who has developed signs and symptoms of Calicivirus (Norovirus). What assessment should the nurse prioritize when planning this patients care?
- A. Respiratory status
- B. Pain
- C. Fluid intake and output
- D. Deep tendon reflexes and neurological status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norovirus causes vomiting and diarrhea, risking fluid volume deficit, so fluid balance assessment is critical. Other assessments are less urgent.
An infectious outbreak of unknown origin has occurred in a long-term care facility. The nurse who oversees care at the facility should report the outbreak to what organization?
- A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- B. American Medical Association (AMA)
- C. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- D. American Nurses Association (ANA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The CDC is responsible for disease prevention and control, making it the appropriate agency for reporting outbreaks. AMA, EPA, and ANA do not handle outbreak reporting.
The nurse is caring for a patient with secondary syphilis. What intervention should the nurse institute when caring for this patient?
- A. Ensure that the patient is housed in a private room.
- B. Administer hydrocortisone ointment to the lesions as ordered.
- C. Administer combination therapy with antiretrovirals as ordered.
- D. Wear gloves if contact with lesions is possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary syphilis lesions are highly infectious, requiring gloves for contact. Private rooms, hydrocortisone, and antiretrovirals are not indicated.