Nokea
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Focus
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's postconventional level is on following internal moral principles and upholding universal ethics, often prioritizing justice and human rights.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A baby boy is born into a family of five (three siblings and two parents). The family qualifies for food stamps and medical assistance. He has an atrial-septal defect that will be repaired when he is older. His parents are in their late 30s and are very loving and supportive; they do not speak English very well. What factor will have the most influence on the baby's development?
- A. His heart defect
- B. His loving, supportive environment
- C. His family's lack of extra income
- D. His parents' inability to speak English fluently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loving, supportive environment is critical for psychosocial development (e.g., Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage) and has the most significant positive impact on the baby's development.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Loss of subcutaneous tissue.
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Loss of subcutaneous tissue in middle age causes skin wrinkling due to reduced skin elasticity.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Intimacy vs. isolation
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: Erikson's intimacy vs. isolation stage occurs from 18 to 40 years, where individuals seek close relationships.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Identity vs. role confusion
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage occurs from 12 to 18 years, focusing on developing a personal identity.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Initiate activities and influence environment
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Encouraging creativity without labeling behavior as 'bad' supports initiative vs. guilt, allowing children to initiate activities.