Nokea
Follicular dendritic cells
- A. Are found in the blood
- B. Are important for sustaining antibody responses
- C. Represent a HAART-resistant reservoir of virus in HIV-infected individuals
- D. Can activate naïve T lymphocytes
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but the question you provided does not have option E listed. Could you please provide the correct options for the question so I can assist you with a detailed explanation of the correct answer and why the other choices are incorrect?
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What is included in the humoral immune response?
- A. Surveillance for malignant cell changes
- B. Production of antigen-specific immunoglobulins
- C. Direct attack of antigens by activated B lymphocytes
- D. Releasing cytokines responsible for destruction of antigens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The humoral immune response involves the production of antigen-specific antibodies (immunoglobulins) by B cells, which neutralize pathogens.
What is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in red blood cells?
- A. Leukopenia
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Anemia
- D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anemia. Anemia is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, and a decrease in their numbers can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and paleness.
Rationale:
1. Leukopenia (A) refers to a decrease in white blood cells, not red blood cells.
2. Thrombocytopenia (B) is a decrease in platelets, which are involved in blood clotting, not red blood cells.
3. Hemolysis (D) is the breakdown of red blood cells, not a decrease in their numbers.
In summary, anemia is the correct answer as it specifically describes the condition of low red blood cell count, while the other choices are related to decreases in different components of blood.
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to T cell development?
- A. It establishes MHC restriction of the T cell repertoire
- B. It takes place in the thymus
- C. Thymic dendritic cells are involved
- D. It only occurs after the naïve T cell has been activated by antigen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because T cell development starts in the thymus while the naïve T cell activation by antigen occurs outside of the thymus. T cell development involves positive and negative selection, establishing MHC restriction, and interaction with thymic dendritic cells for maturation. Naïve T cells are activated by antigens in the periphery, not during T cell development in the thymus. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not align with the process of T cell development.
In a patient with a positive Chvostek’s sign, the nurse would anticipate the IV administration of which medication?
- A. Calcitonin
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Loop diuretics
- D. Calcium gluconate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chvostek’s sign indicates hypocalcemia, so calcium gluconate is administered to restore normal calcium levels.
Afferent lymphatic vessels do not
- A. Transport antigens from tissues to LN
- B. Enter LN at more than one site
- C. Transport antigens from blood to LN
- D. Connect tissues to secondary lymphoid organs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Afferent lymphatic vessels transport lymph containing antigens from tissues to lymph nodes (LN). Option C is correct because afferent lymphatics do not transport antigens directly from the blood to LN. Other choices are incorrect because afferent lymphatics enter LN at multiple sites (B), transport antigens from tissues to LN (A), and connect tissues to secondary lymphoid organs (D).